ALLEN MACK, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
A state witness's testimony regarding the defendant's post-arrest silence and request for an attorney constitutes an impermissible comment on the right to remain silent, requiring reversal.
[1] A comment on a defendant's request for an attorney constitutes a comment on the exercise of the right to remain silent.
[2] Post-arrest silence, protected by the Florida Constitution, includes silence occurring at the time of arrest, not just after being informed of arrest.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceDuring a trial for kidnapping and felony battery, a state investigator testified that the defendant, upon being apprehended, stated he would rather ta…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Felony Battery cases and more on FLexlaw
The appellant, Allen Mack, was tried by jury and convicted of one count of kidnapping and one count of felony battery as a repeat offender. The appellant raises several issues on appeal, one of which warrants reversal. The appellant argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion for mistrial after a State witness made a constitutionally impermissible comment upon his right to remain silent. We agree and reverse.
On direct examination, the lead investigator in the appellant’s case testified to the following. Part of his investigation in the case involved tracking down the appellant, who was a suspect. He conducted surveillance and followed leads for approximately two weeks before apprehending the appellant at the residence of a friend. The investigator went to the residence with other law enforcement officers who kept a perimeter around the residence for approximately two and a half hours. After the investigator finally gained access, he located the appellant in a locked bedroom. When the prosecutor asked the investigator whether the appellant made any statements, the following colloquy occurred:
PROSECUTOR: Upon making contact with [the appellant], did he make any statements to you?
WITNESS: He asked me who I was. I told him who I was. And he knew immediately because I asked him to call me to give me his side of the story.
PROSECUTOR: Did he make any other statements to you?
WITNESS: He said he’d rather talk to his attorney, and he didn’t want to talk anymore.
Defense counsel immediately objected to the comment, and the trial court sustained *356the objection. Defense counsel moved for a mistrial on the ground the comment was an impermissible comment on the appellant’s right to remain silent. Although a curative instruction was briefly discussed, none was given. The trial court took the motion under advisement, but did not deny the motion until after jury deliberations. In denying the motion, the trial court found that, while inappropriate, the comment did not rise to the level of being so prejudicial as to warrant a mistrial.
Comments on a defendant’s right to remain silent are high-risk errors because there is a substantial likelihood that they will vitiate the defendant’s right to a fair trial. See State v. DiGuilio, 491 So.2d 1129, 1136 (Fla.1986) (holding comments on the defendant’s right to remain silent are reviewed under the harmless error test). Any comment that is “fairly susceptible” to interpretation as a comment on the defendant’s right to remain silent will be treated as such. Id. at 1135. Comments on a defendant’s request for an attorney have been considered a comment on the exercise of the right to remain silent. See e.g., Shingledecker v. State, 734 So.2d 483 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999).
The due process clause of the Florida Constitution, Article I, section 9, guards against comments on a defendant’s post-arrest silence regardless of whether Miranda warnings have been given. See State v. Hoggins, 718 So.2d 761, 770 (Fla.1998). In Hoggins, the Court explained that “post-arrest silence is not limited to silence which occurs after the arresting officer informs the defendant that he or she is under arrest” in that it “also includes silence which occurs at the time of arrest.” Id. at 767. See also Ash v. State, 995 So.2d 1158 (Fla. 1st DCA 2008).
In Ash, an officer testified that he went to the defendant’s apartment for the purpose of arresting him and asked the defendant if they could talk some more to which the defendant replied that he had nothing to say. Id. The defendant was then placed under arrest. Id. This Court held the officer’s comment related to the defendant’s silence at the time of his arrest; therefore, it fell within the Hoggins proscription. Id. at 1159. Because the constitutional violation was not harmless, the defendant’s conviction was reversed. Id.
Likewise, in the instant case, the investigator’s testimony related to the appellant’s silence at the time he was arrested and was a constitutional violation. See id. We are unable to conclude that this improper comment was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt; therefore, the appellant’s conviction is REVERSED and the case is REMANDED for a new trial.
Because we are remanding for a new trial, we decline to address the appellant’s other issues, including his objection to the admission of a 911 tape on both hearsay and confrontation clause grounds.
CLARK and WETHERELL, JJ„ concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
-
Carlisle v. State, 164 So. 3d 69 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015)…vidence' and argument ... that [is] fairly susceptible of being interpreted by the jury as a comment on silence.” Id. at 769. Further, this proscription applies to an appellant’s affirmative statements that he will not [*71] talk. See Mack v. State, 58 So. 3d 354, 355-56 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011) (holding that investigator’s testimony that appellant “said he’d rather talk to his attorney, and he didn’t want to talk anymore” was an impermissible comment on appellant’s right to remain silent); Ash v. State, 995 So.…
-
Moss v. State, 169 So. 3d 223 (Fla. 1st DCA 2015)…io, 491 So. 2d 1129, 1135 (Fla.1986)). Under these principles, a defendant’s affirmative statement that he will not talk to police must be excluded from evidence at trial. Carlisle v. State, 164 So. 3d 69 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015); see also Mack v. State, 58 So. 3d 354, 355-56 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011); Ash v. State, 995 So. 2d 1158, 1158-59 (Fla. 1st DCA 2008); accord Ventura, 29 So. 3d at 1089 (“[A]ny comment — direct or indirect — by anyone at trial on this right is constitutional error that should be avoided.”). Sim…
-
Osterhoudt v. Sec'y, Dep't of Corrections(Hernando County) (M.D. Fla. 2022)…orrell’s testimony violated his right to remain silent, the applicable standard is whether “[a]ny comment that is ‘fairly susceptible’ to interpretation as a comment on the defendant’s right to remain silent will be treated as such.” Mack v. State, 58 So. 3d 354, 356 (1st DCA 2011). In his reply (Doc. 9 at 2 n.1) Osterhoudt further argues the “fairly susceptible” standard as discussed in Parker v. State, 124 So. 3d 1023, 1025 (2nd DCA 2013). However, the “fairly susceptible” standard is inapplicable in th…
Authorities Cited
- State v. DiGUILIO, 491 So. 2d 1129 (Fla. 1986)
- State v. Hoggins, 718 So. 2d 761 (Fla. 1998)
- Shingledecker v. State, 734 So. 2d 483 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)
- Scottie B. ASH v. State, 995 So. 2d 1158 (Fla. 1st DCA 2008)