CHARLESTON KARREM LARRY, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 5th DCA | 2011-05-13
No. 5D10-1825
PALMER and COHEN, JJ., concur.
61 So. 3d 1205 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (2011) Negative Treatment
Cited by 22 cases

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Holding

The court held that trial counsel's failure to raise a statutory defense was ineffective assistance of counsel, requiring reduction of the conviction.


Headnotes

[1] A "convenience business" for purposes of drug-free zone statutes excludes any business with at least 10,000 square feet of retail floor space.

[2] Ineffective assistance of counsel claims are generally not raised on direct appeal, but an exception exists when the ineffectiveness is obvious from the face of the recor…

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Facts & Procedural History

The State's evidence showed the drug transaction occurred at a business exceeding 10,000 square feet, thus not a 'convenience business' under statute.…

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Opinion of the Court
ORFINGER, J.

ORFINGER, J.

Charleston Larry appeals his conviction for delivery of a controlled substance within 1,000 feet of a convenience business and possession of cocaine. On appeal, he contends that the court erred in denying his motion for judgment of acquittal and that his counsel was ineffective, which is apparent from the face of the record. For the following reasons, we affirm in part and reverse in part.

The lead investigator testified at trial that an alleged drug transaction involving Mr. Larry took place at a gas station that had “at least 10,000 feet of retail space with the gas and the convenience store.” That testimony is of particular relevance because the term “convenience business” excludes any business that has at least 10,000 square feet of retail floor space. See § 812.171(3), Fla. Stat. (2010). Thus, in its case in chief, the State proved that the business where the drug transaction occurred was not a convenience business as defined by statute. Though trial counsel moved for a judgment of acquittal, he failed to raise this obvious defense. Had it been raised, the trial court would have been obliged to reduce the charge to the necessarily lesser-included offense of deliv*1207ery of a controlled substance. See State v. Higdon, 814 So.2d 1196, 1197 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002); Harris v. State, 655 So.2d 1179, 1182 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995).

Ineffective assistance of counsel is found when counsel’s performance falls outside the range of reasonable professional assistance and when there is a reasonable probability that the results of the proceeding would have been different but for the inadequate performance. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). As a general rule, claims of ineffective assistance of counsel may not be raised on direct appeal. See, e.g., Bruno v. State, 807 So.2d 55, 63 (Fla.2001); Stewart v. State, 420 So.2d 862, 864 n. 4 (Fla.1982); Corzo v. State, 806 So.2d 642, 645 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002). However, “appellate courts make an exception to this rule when the ineffectiveness is obvious on the face of the appellate record, the prejudice caused by the conduct is indisputable, and a tactical explanation for the conduct is inconceivable.” Corzo, 806 So.2d at 645. To obtain relief on the basis of ineffective assistance of counsel on direct appeal, the facts upon which the claim is based must be clearly evident in the record. Stewart, 420 So.2d at 864; Henley v. State, 719 So.2d 990, 990 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998) (explaining that “[i]n-stances where the appellate court will address an ineffectiveness claim on the face of an appellate record are rare indeed”). Moreover, the ineffectiveness must be so clear that “it would be a waste of judicial resources to require the trial court to address the issue.” Blanco v. Wainwright, 507 So.2d 1377, 1384 (Fla.1987); see Ross v. State, 726 So.2d 317, 318 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998).

The State’s unrebutted evidence proved that the business had at least 10,-000 feet of retail space, and thus, could not be considered a “convenience business” as defined by statute. However, Mr. Larry’s trial counsel did not raise this defense.1 We can discern no plausible strategic reason why trial counsel did not pursue this defense in light of the State’s evidence.2 This failure amounts to deficient performance that prejudiced Mr. Larry as he was convicted of a more serious charge. See In re Hubert, 138 Wash.App. 924, 158 P.3d 1282, 1285 (2007) (holding that counsel’s failure to discover and advance defense constituted ineffective assistance of counsel); see also State v. Sellers, 248 P.3d 70 (Utah App.Ct.2011) (reversing conviction as counsel’s failure to object to faulty affirmative defense instruction constituted ineffective assistance of counsel); State v. Powell, 150 WashApp. 139, 206 P.3d 703 (2009) (holding that counsel’s failure to request instruction on potential defense constituted ineffective assistance of counsel was recognizable on direct appeal as there was no objectively reasonable tactical basis for failing to request instruction when (1) evidence supported instruction; (2) defense counsel, in effect, argued statutory defense; and (3) statutory defense was entirely consistent with defendant’s theory of case); see also Mizell v. State, 716 So.2d 829 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998) (holding that defendant received ineffective assistance of counsel reviewable on direct appeal when counsel did not object to exces-siveness of sentence on one count).

Trial counsel’s “ineffectiveness is apparent on the face of the record and it would be a waste of judicial resources to require the trial court to address the issue.” Blanco, 507 So.2d at 1384. By ad*1208dressing the issue now, we can “avoid the legal churning, ... which would be required if we made the parties and the lower court do the long way what we ourselves should do the short.” Mizell, 716 So.2d at 830. Mr. Larry’s conviction must be reduced to the necessarily lesser-included offense of delivery of a controlled substance and remanded for resentencing. See § 924.34, Fla. Stat. (2010); Higdon, 814 So.2d at 1197; Harris, 655 So.2d at 1182. In all other respects, the convictions are affirmed.

AFFIRMED in part; REVERSED in part; and REMANDED.

PALMER and COHEN, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By (11 total)

  • Monroe v. State, 191 So. 3d 395 (Fla. 2016)
    …factors during sentencing); see also McComb v. State, 174 So. 3d 1111, 1112-13 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015) (citing Michel v. State, 989 So. 2d 679, 681 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008)) (failure to request or object to exclusion of pertinent instruction); Larry v. State, 61 So. 3d 1205, 1207 (Fla. 5th DCA 2011) (failure to raise obvious defense that would have otherwise resulted in reduced charge). Indeed, several district courts of this State have suggested that the failure to move for judg.ment of acquittal when there are seriou…
  • Hills v. State, 78 So. 3d 648 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012)
    …llate courts make an exception to this rule when the ineffectiveness is obvious on the face of the appellate record, the prejudice caused by the conduct is indisputable, and a tactical explanation for the conduct is inconceivable.’ ” Larry v. State, 61 So. 3d 1205, 1207 (Fla. 5th DCA 2011) (quoting Corzo v. State, 806 So. 2d 642, 645 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002)). The appellate court must conduct a de novo review of the record to determine if a defendant’s claim meets the deficiency and prejudice prongs of Strickland,…
  • State v. Anderson, 215 So. 3d 181 (Fla. 5th DCA 2017)
    …el “when counsel’s performance falls outside the range of reasonable professional assistance and when there is a reasonable probability that the results of the proceeding would have been different but for the inadequate performance.” Larry v. State, 61 So. 3d 1205, 1207 (Fla. 5th DCA 2011) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984)). This standard requires the defendant to show, first, that his trial counsel’s performance was [*184] deficient such that it falls…

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