JOHN SLOWINSKI AND NANCY BRADBERRY, APPELLANTS,
v.
PATRICK M. SWEENEY, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 2011-05-18
No. 1D10-5342
THOMAS and ROBERTS, JJ., Concur.
64 So. 3d 128 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (2011) Negative Treatment
Cited by 12 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.


Holding

A biological father is precluded from bringing a paternity suit for a child born during an intact marriage, even if the legal father is not the biological father.


Headnotes

[1] A biological father cannot bring a paternity suit concerning a child born during an intact marriage.

[2] Paternity proceedings are statutorily limited to children born out of wedlock.

Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

A biological father sued the legal father for paternity and custody of a child born to a marriage that was intact at the time of birth. The mother, wh…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
HAWKES, J.

HAWKES, J.

This appeal concerns a paternity suit brought by Appellee Patrick M. Sweeney — the biological father — against Appel*129lant John Slowinski — the legal father— concerning the parental and custodial rights over J.S. (the child). At the time the child was born, the mother was still married to the legal father. She has since died. In the order on appeal, the trial court granted the paternity petition and awarded legal rights and physical custody to the biological father. This was incorrect. Because the child was born to an intact marriage between the legal father and mother, the biological father was precluded from bringing the paternity suit and the trial court should not have considered it.

Florida law is very specific regarding who may bring paternity suits. The statutes governing paternity contain language indicating biological fathers may not challenge the paternity of children born to intact marriages. For example, section 742.011, Florida Statutes (2010), states paternity suits may be brought only “to determine the paternity of the child when paternity has not been established by law or otherwise.” Paternity is “otherwise” established when the child is born to an intact marriage and recognized by the husband as his own child. See G.F.C. v. S.G., 686 So.2d 1382, 1385 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997). In such circumstances, the husband is considered to be the child’s “legal” father, regardless of whether he is the biological father. See Lander v. Smith, 906 So.2d 1130, 1131 n. 1 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005) (noting the mother’s husband at the time of a child’s birth is the “legal” father). In addition, section 742.10, Florida Statutes (2010), states paternity proceedings should be brought only to determine the “paternity for children born out of wedlock.”

Reading these provisions together, they indicate a child born to an intact marriage cannot be the subject of a paternity proceeding brought by a biological father. This interpretation is supported by caselaw.

In G.F.C. v. S.G., 686 So.2d at 1383, the Fifth District addressed a situation where a man claiming to be the biological father of a child born to an intact marriage brought a petition contesting the child’s paternity. The Fifth District found that although men have the right to sue for paternity under certain circumstances, chapter 742 “does not expand this right to a man such as G.F.C. who declares himself to be the father of a child born to an intact marriage.” Id. at 1385. The Fifth District also found the biological father lacked any right to sue for paternity under common law, as common law gave only the husband the right to challenge the paternity of a child born during the marriage. Id. at 1384.

The Second District reached the same conclusion in I.A. v. H.H., 710 So.2d 162, 164 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998). In I.A., the legal father married the child’s mother two months after the child’s birth and treated the child as if it was his own. Id. at 165. Citing G.F.C., the Second District held that because the child was born to an intact marriage, the putative father had no cause of action to challenge the child’s paternity. Id. at 164-65. It noted that although neither party had raised this argument during the proceedings below,

it is our duty to notice and correct jurisdictional defects or fundamental error even when they have not been identified by the parties. Such is the case where the trial court has granted relief that is not authorized by law, or pursuant to a cause of action that either does not exist or is not available to the plaintiff.

Id. at 165 (internal citations omitted). Numerous other cases have followed G.F.C. and I.A. by refusing to recognize a paternity suit by a biological father as a cognizable cause of action when the child is born to an intact marriage. See Williams-Raymond v. Jones, 954 So.2d 721, 722 (Fla. 4th DCA 2007) (finding a child’s paternity may *130not be contested when the wife marries after the child is born and the husband participates in parenting the child); Bellomo v. Gagliano, 815 So.2d 721, 722 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002) (stating “section 742.011 does not extend to permit the alleged biological father of a child born of an intact marriage to sue for a determination of paternity”); see also S.D. v. A.G., 764 So.2d 807, 809 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000) (stating “a putative father has no right to initiate a paternity action concerning the child of an intact marriage if both the married woman and her husband object”).1

Here, it is undisputed that the child was born during the mother’s marriage to the legal father. Accordingly, despite the fact that the legal father was not the child’s biological father, this paternity suit is not a cognizable cause of action. The record does not show that this argument was raised below. However, because it was fundamental error for the trial court to grant relief pursuant to this nonexistent cause of action, we may address the issue on our own initiative. See I.A., 710 So.2d at 165. For this reason, the final judgment of paternity is REVERSED and the matter REMANDED for the trial court to dismiss the suit.

THOMAS and ROBERTS, JJ., Concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Treneka Simmonds v. Connor Perkins, 247 So. 3d 397 (Fla. 2018)
    …2017), on the ground that it expressly and directly conflicts with a decision of this Court and decisions of other district courts on a question of law. We agree with Simmonds that Perkins expressly and directly conflicts with Slowinski v. Sweeney , 64 So. 3d 128 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011), and Tijerino v. Estrella , 843 So. 2d 984 (Fla. 3d DCA 2003), on the question of whether a biological father is entitled to rebut the common law presumption that the mother's husband is the legal father of a child born to an int…
    1 / 2
  • Slowinski v. Sweeney, 117 So. 3d 73 (Fla. 1st DCA 2013)
    …al, this Court reversed the trial court’s order and held that the child could not be the subject of a paternity proceeding under chapter 742, Florida Statutes, because he was born to an intact marriage, not born out of wedlock. Slowinski v. Sweeney, 64 So. 3d 128 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011). Finding that it was “fundamental error for the trial court to grant relief pursuant to this nonexistent cause of action,” this Court reversed the final judgment in its entirety, including the paternity declaration, direction to…
  • Sirdevan v. Strand, 120 So. 3d 1280 (Fla. 1st DCA 2013)
    …the trial court’s non-final order denying his motion for summary judgment wherein he challenged Respondent Jeffrey B. Strand’s standing to file a paternity petition. We GRANT the petition and QUASH the trial court’s order. See Slowinski v. Sweeney, 64 So. 3d 128, 128-29 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011) (holding that a child born to an intact marriage cannot be the subject of a paternity proceeding brought by a biological father and determining that it was fundamental error for the trial court to grant relief pursuant to…

Previewing 3 of 6 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw