JIREH KLEPPINGER, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Jireh Kleppinger, a juvenile who committed kidnapping of a law enforcement officer in 1996 and received a life without parole sentence in 1997, sought postconviction relief based on Apprendi and Blakely. The appellate court rejected those claims but reversed the sentence as unconstitutional under Graham v. Florida, which prohibits life-without-parole sentences for juvenile nonhomicide offenders.
Apprendi and Blakely do not afford relief because the life sentence did not exceed the statutory maximum for kidnapping. However, Graham v. Florida renders the life-without-parole sentence unconstitutional because Kleppinger was a juvenile offender convicted of a nonhomicide crime, and the Eighth Amendment prohibits such sentences without a meaningful opportunity for release.
[1] A sentence that does not exceed the statutory maximum applicable to the crime does not violate Apprendi, and a defendant is not entitled to the benefit of Blakely when hi…
[2] The Eighth Amendment prohibits the imposition of a life without parole sentence on a juvenile offender who did not commit a homicide.
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Other than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.”
The core holding of Apprendi, which the court applied to reject Kleppinger's Apprendi challenge since his sentence did not exceed the statutory maximum.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceIn December 1996, seventeen-year-old Kleppinger escaped from jail and assaulted a deputy, resulting in convictions for attempted second-degree murder,…
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In 2006, Jireh Kleppinger moved, pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(a), to correct an allegedly illegal departure sentence that the trial court imposed in 1997 for crimes he committed in 1996. He argues that the sentence imposed was in violation of Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), and Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296, 124 S.Ct. 2531, 159 L.Ed.2d 403 (2004); on an alternative ground, he added an argument for similar relief based on Graham v, Florida, — U.S. -, 130 S.Ct. 2011, 176 L.Ed.2d 825 (2010). The postconviction court denied his motion. We conclude that neither Apprendi nor Blakely affords him relief but Graham does. We reverse for resentencing.
Background
In December 1996 seventeen-year-old Jireh Kleppinger escaped from jail while awaiting prosecution on minor charges. During the escape, he and a cohort severely injured a jail deputy by choking him, beating him with a fire extinguisher, then locking him in a cell. The State charged Mr. Kleppinger with (1) attempted second-degree murder of a law enforcement officer, a second-degree felony; (2) escape, a second-degree felony; (3) kidnapping of a law enforcement officer, a first-degree felony punishable by life; and (4) depriving a law enforcement officer of the means of communication, a third-degree felony. At trial, the jury found him guilty on all four counts as charged. In November 1997 the trial court departed from the guidelines by adopting the reasons put forth by the State, imposing the statutory maximum for each count, and further ordered that the four sentences be served consecutively: fifteen years in prison each for the attempted second-degree murder and escape convictions; a term of “natural life” in prison, i.e., without the possibility of release, for the kidnapping conviction; and five years in prison for the conviction of depriving the officer of his means of communication. On June 26, 2000, while his direct appeal was pending, the Supreme Court issued its Apprendi opinion. This *549court subsequently affirmed his convictions and sentences, remanding only for correction of two scrivener’s errors in the written judgment. Kleppinger v. State, 779 So.2d 472 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000). Mr. Kleppinger’s direct appeal was final on November 27, 2000, when the mandate issued.
The Guidelines Departure Sentence vis-á-vis Apprendi and Blakely
In his rule 3.800(a) motion, Mr. Klep-pinger does not name a particular sentence of the four he received that is illegal, only that the trial court departed from the guidelines based on the grounds suggested by the State rather than factors found by the jury beyond a reasonable doubt. Thus he claims that this was a judicial finding of departure reasons by a preponderance of the evidence in violation of Apprendi See 530 U.S. at 489-90, 120 S.Ct. 2348. In his initial brief, Mr. Kleppinger argues only a violation of Apprendi in the sentence of natural life for the kidnapping conviction. Kidnapping is a felony of the first degree punishable by life. § 787.01(l)(a)(2), Fla. Stat. (Supp.1996). He claims that Apprendi applies to his sentence because his sentence was not final when Apprendi issued. Mr. Kleppinger further argues that the Supreme Court’s subsequent clarification of Apprendi in Blakely did nothing to change the conclusion that his departure sentence is illegal under Apprendi.
In its order, the postconviction court admitted that Apprendi applied to Mr. Kleppinger’s sentences because his direct appeal was not yet final when the Supreme Court issued Apprendi. But nevertheless the postconviction court denied him relief, explaining that because the life sentence for kidnapping was within the statutory maximum, Apprendi was not violated. This is the correct conclusion. See 530 U.S. at 490, 120 S.Ct. 2348 (“Other than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.” (emphasis added)).
We reject Mr. Kleppinger’s further argument that Blakely should be applied retroactively to afford him relief. See Boardman v. State, 69 So.3d 367 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011) (holding that a sentence that does not exceed the statutory maximum applicable to the crime does not violate Apprendi and a defendant is not entitled to the benefit of Blakely when his sentence became final before Blakely was issued). Mr. Kleppinger’s situation mirrors the defendant’s in Boardman and requires the same result, i.e., that neither Apprendi nor Blakely affords him relief on his natural life sentence for kidnapping.
The postconviction court did not err in summarily denying Mr. Kleppinger’s rule 3.800(a) motion on his asserted grounds of Apprendi and Blakely.
The “Natural Life” Sentence for Kidnapping
We initially affirmed the postconviction court’s denial without a written opinion. But, for reasons not relevant here, we recalled the mandate in the instant appeal and allowed supplemental briefing to address the applicability of Graham, — U.S. -, 130 S.Ct. 2011, 176 L.Ed.2d 825. In his supplemental brief, Mr. Kleppinger argues that Graham entitles him relief from the sentence he received for his kidnapping conviction, a term of “natural life.” Mr. Kleppinger’s argument on this point has merit.
In Graham, the Supreme Court held that the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits imposition of a life without parole sentence on a juvenile offender who did not commit a homicide and that the State must give a juvenile nonhomicide offender sentenced to life without parole a meaningful opportunity to obtain release. Id. at 2030, 2032-33; *550 see also Manuel v. State, 48 So.3d 94, 96-97 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010). At the time Mr. Kleppinger kidnapped the jail deputy, he was a juvenile, the kidnapping crime was not a homicide, and the trial court sentenced him to a term of natural life for the kidnapping conviction. Thus he fits squarely under the rubric of Graham and Manuel and his sentence for the kidnapping conviction constitutes a violation of the Eighth Amendment.
Conclusion
The postconviction court correctly denied relief grounded upon Apprendi and Blakely. However, Mr. Kleppinger’s life sentence was rendered unconstitutional by the decision in Graham. Accordingly, we vacate his life sentence and remand for resentencing on the kidnapping count only. Because resentencing is “a de novo proceeding in which the decisional law effective at the time of resentencing applies,” Mr. Kleppinger’s new sentence must comport not only with Graham, but also with Apprendi and Blakely. State v. Fleming, 61 So.3d 399, 400 (Fla.2011).
Reversed and remanded for resentenc-ing in accordance with this opinion.
KELLY and CRENSHAW, JJ., Concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
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Drewery Geter v. State, 115 So. 3d 375 (Fla. 3d DCA 2012)…ham some meaningful opportunity to obtain release based on demonstrated maturity and rehabilitation.” Id. at 2030. Further, “it is for the State, in the first instance, to explore the means and mechanisms for compliance.” Id. In Kleppinger v. State, 81 So. 3d 547 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012), the Second District addressed whether the determination in Graham should be applied retroactively. Without reference to the Witt test, the Second District held that Graham’s categorical bar for nonhomicide offenders should be app…
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Williams v. State, 197 So. 3d 569 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016)…seeking correction of his sentence pursuant to Miller. See Falcon, 162 So. 3d at 964. And although this is a Graham case and not a Miller case, this court and others have determined' that Graham applies retroactively. See, e.g., Kleppinger v. State, 81 So. 3d 547, 549-50 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012); St. Val v. State, 107 So. 3d 553, 554-55 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013). We see no material distinction between the Graharri and Miller cases in terms of the analysis required for retroactivity. See generally Falcon, 162 So. 3d at 9…
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Blanchard ST. VAL v. State, 107 So. 3d 553 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013)…a non-homicide offense, committed while he was a minor, constitutes a constitutional violation pursuant to Graham. See Cunningham v. State, 74 So. 3d 568 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011); Manuel v. State, 48 So. 3d 94 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010). In Kleppinger v. State, 81 So. 3d 547 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012), the Second District found that Graham should be applied retroactively. See also Geter v. State, - So. 3d - (Fla. 3d DCA 2012); In re Sparks, 657 F. 3d 258, 260 (5th Cir.2011) (“Graham has been made retroactive to cases on collate…
Previewing 3 of 5 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (U.S. 2000)
- Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (U.S. 2004)
- State v. Fleming, 61 So. 3d 399 (Fla. 2011)
- Manuel v. State, 48 So. 3d 94 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010)
- Boardman v. State, 69 So. 3d 367 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011)
- Jireh Randall Kleppinger v. State, 779 So. 2d 472 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000)
- Jemmott v. State, 779 So. 2d 472 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000)