CHRISTINA YACOUB, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 2012-04-18
No. 4D10-2400
MAY, C.J., and DAMOORGIAN, J., concur.
85 So. 3d 1179 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (2012) Positive Treatment
Cited by 2 cases

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Synopsis

Christina Yacoub was charged with felony DUI based on two prior misdemeanor DUI convictions within ten years. The court reversed her felony conviction because the state failed to prove that Yacoub was provided counsel or validly waived her right to counsel for one of the prior misdemeanor convictions, which was a prerequisite to the felony charge.


Holding

The court held that the state failed to meet its burden of persuasion. The state's argument based on temporal proximity of the two pleas was insufficient; instead, the state must present evidence in the record showing either that counsel was provided or that the right to counsel was validly waived, as required by established precedent.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant charged with felony DUI may move to dismiss the charge by alleging that the state is improperly relying on a prior uncounseled misdemeanor DUI conviction.

[2] To challenge a felony DUI charge based on a prior uncounseled misdemeanor conviction, a defendant must assert under oath that the prior offense was punishable by more tha…

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Key Quotes

“A defendant charged with felony DUI may move to dismiss the charge by alleging that the state is improperly relying on a prior uncounseled misdemeanor DUI conviction.”

Establishes the legal framework for challenging felony DUI charges based on uncounseled prior convictions.

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Facts & Procedural History

On July 4, 2008, Yacoub was charged with felony DUI based on guilty pleas to two misdemeanor DUI offenses in 2002. Both 2002 pleas occurred on the sam…

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Opinion of the Court
GROSS, J.

GROSS, J.

Christina Yacoub appeals her conviction and sentence for felony driving under the influence. We reverse because the state failed to satisfy its burden of proving that Yacoub was either provided counsel or val*1180idly waived the right with respect to a previous misdemeanor conviction.

On July 4, 2008, the state charged Ya-coub with felony driving under the influence. The felony charge was based on her guilty plea to two misdemeanor DUI offenses within the past ten years. See § 316.193(2)(b), Fla. Stat. (2008). Yacoub moved to dismiss the charge for lack of jurisdiction, arguing that there was no valid felony charge to prosecute in circuit court since one of her 2002 DUI convictions had been uncounseled. Following a hearing, the trial court denied the motion.

A defendant charged with felony DUI may move to dismiss the charge by alleging that the state is improperly relying on a prior uncounseled misdemeanor DUI conviction. See State v. Kelly, 999 So.2d 1029, 1052 (Fla.2008). To validly raise such a jurisdictional challenge, the defendant must satisfy an initial burden of production by asserting under oath “(1) that the [prior] offense involved was punishable by more than six months of imprisonment or that the defendant was actually subjected to a term of imprisonment; (2) that the defendant was indigent and, thus, entitled to court-appointed counsel; (3) [that] counsel was not appointed; and (4) [that] the right to counsel was not waived.” Id. at 1037 (citing State v. Beach, 592 So.2d 237, 239 (Fla.1992)). If the defendant carries this minimalistic burden, then the “burden of persuasion shifts to the state to show either that counsel was provided or that the right to counsel was validly waived.” See id. at 1053.

At the hearing on the motion in this case, the parties stipulated that Ya-coub pleaded guilty to two prior DUIs on the same date in 2002 before the same judge, while Yacoub was in custody. They further agreed that one DUI was handled by the public defender’s office and that the second was punishable by imprisonment. The state had the burden of establishing that counsel was provided for the second DUI or that Yacoub validly waived her right to counsel. The state offered no transcript of the 2002 plea conference and no other evidence of what occurred. The state produced no written waiver of the right to counsel. See Fla. R.Crim. P. 3.160(e). The lawyer who was present for Yacoub on one DUI at the 2002 hearing did not appear to testify. The state argued that the temporal proximity of the two pleas circumstantially established that both pleas were entered on the advice of counsel. The trial judge accepted this view. However, the state’s “showing” failed to meet the requirements of Beach and Kelly, which require “evidence in the record” “‘to show [1] either that counsel was provided or [2] that the right to counsel was validly waived.’ ” Beach, 592 So.2d at 239; Kelly, 999 So.2d at 1037 (quoting Beach) (emphasis in original). The sparse record failed to carry the state’s burden of persuasion under Kelly and Beach. We therefore reverse the felony conviction and remand to the circuit court to resentence Yacoub to misdemeanor driving under the influence.

Reversed and remanded.

MAY, C.J., and DAMOORGIAN, J., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Rivera v. State, 137 So. 3d 554 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014)
    …eled” and could not be counted as one of the three or more prior DUI convictions necessary to make the one charged in the instant case a felony under section 316.193(2)(b)3., Florida Statutes (2003). It is not as simple as that. See Yacoub v. State, 85 So. 3d 1179, 1180 (Fla. 4th DCA), rev. denied, 104 So. 3d 1087 (Fla.2012) (setting forth steps involved in defendant’s establishing the state’s improper reliance on prior uncounseled misdemeanor DUI conviction to obtain felony charge). The appellant’s response…

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