SHIMEEK GRIDINE, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Juvenile defendant Gridine challenged his 70-year sentence for attempted first-degree murder and attempted armed robbery as violating the Eighth Amendment under Graham v. Florida, which prohibits life sentences without parole for juveniles convicted of nonhomicide crimes. The court affirmed, holding that Graham does not apply to term-of-years sentences and that a 70-year sentence is not the functional equivalent of a natural life sentence.
Graham applies only to life sentences without parole for juvenile offenders convicted of nonhomicide crimes, not to term-of-years sentences. A 70-year sentence is not the functional equivalent of a natural life sentence and does not violate the Eighth Amendment. While a term-of-years sentence could theoretically become functionally equivalent to life, that threshold has not been reached in this case.
[1] The Eighth Amendment prohibits life sentences without the possibility of parole for juveniles convicted of nonhomicide crimes.
[2] A term-of-years sentence imposed on a juvenile may be the functional equivalent of a life sentence, thus violating the Eighth Amendment.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“the Eighth Amendment forbids a State from imposing a life without parole sentence on a juvenile nonhomicide offender, it does not require the State to release that offender during his natural life. Those who commit truly horrifying crimes as juveniles may turn out to be irredeemable, and thus deserving of incarceration for the duration of their lives. The Eighth Amendment does not foreclose the possibility that persons convicted of nonhomicide crimes committed before adulthood will remain behind bars for life.”
Establishes the holding and limits of Graham v. Florida—the prohibition is on life without parole sentences, not on lengthy term-of-years sentences.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceGridine, age 14, approached a victim with a loaded shotgun, demanded money and property, and fired at the victim when he attempted to run, striking hi…
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Appellant, Shimeek Gridine, argues that the United States Supreme Court’s holding in Graham v. Florida, — U.S.-, 130 S.Ct. 2011, 176 L.Ed.2d 825 (2010), prohibits Florida trial courts from imposing a seventy-year sentence on juvenile defendants. We disagree with his assertion that his sentence is the “functional equivalent” of a natural life sentence without the possibility of parole and affirm the trial court’s finding that “[b]y the express holding of Graham, the term of years sentence imposed does not run afoul of the United States Supreme Court’s decision.”
On April 21, 2009, Mr. Gridine approached his victim, pointed a loaded shotgun at him and demanded he hand over whatever money and/or property he had on his person. When the victim attempted to run, Mr. Gridine fired the shotgun at him, “striking [him] on his face, head, neck, shoulder, side and back.” Security cameras at a nearby gas station recorded Mr. Gridine fleeing from the scene of the shooting. He was fourteen years old on the date he shot the victim.
The State filed a Certificate of Filing Direct Information on Juvenile and charged Mr. Gridine with one count of attempted first degree murder, one count of attempted armed robbery, and one count of aggravated battery. He pled guilty to all three counts.
After a sentencing hearing, the trial court adjudicated Mr. Gridine guilty and sentenced him to a seventy-year prison sentence for committing attempted first degree murder and a twenty-five year concurrent sentence for committing attempted armed robbery (the State nolle prossed the aggravated battery charge). Included in the sentence was a twenty-five year minimum mandatory for his using a firearm during his commission of the charged offenses.
Pursuant to Rule 3.800(b)(2) of the Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure, Mr. Gridine filed a Motion to Correct Sentencing Error, arguing his sentence violated the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Specifically, he referenced the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Graham v. Florida, — U.S. -, 130 S.Ct. 2011, 176 L.Ed.2d 825 (2010), and equated his sentence to “a de facto life sentence.” In its order denying the motion, the trial court found Graham inapplicable to Mr. Gridine’s situation on grounds that he did not face a life sentence without the possibility of parole. We agree.
In Graham, the defendant committed armed burglary with assault or battery and attempted armed robbery when he was sixteen years old. Id. at 2018. The trial court withheld adjudication of guilt and sentenced Graham to concurrent terms of three years’ probation. One year later, Graham admitted to violating the terms of his probation, and the trial court adjudicated him guilty of the underlying offenses and sentenced him to concurrent terms of life imprisonment and fifteen years’ imprisonment. Id. at 2019-20. Graham argued that his sentence violated the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. Id. at 2020. Due to juveniles’ diminished moral responsibility, the Supreme Court held that the Eighth Amendment prohibited life sentences without the possibility for parole for juveniles convicted of nonhomicide crimes because life sentences improperly denied juvenile offenders a chance to demonstrate growth and maturity. Id. at 2029-30. Specifically, the Supreme Court held:
A State is not required to guarantee eventual freedom to a juvenile offender convicted of a nonhomicide crime. What *911the State must do, however, is give defendants like Graham some meaningful opportunity to obtain release based on demonstrated maturity and rehabilitation. It is for the State, in the first instance, to explore the means and mechanisms for compliance. It bears emphasis, however, that while the Eighth Amendment forbids a State from imposing a life without parole sentence on a juvenile nonhomicide offender, it does not require the State to release that offender during his natural life. Those who commit truly horrifying crimes as juveniles may turn out to be irredeemable, and thus deserving of incarceration for the duration of their lives. The Eighth Amendment does not foreclose the possibility that persons convicted of nonhomicide crimes committed before adulthood will remain behind bars for life. It does forbid States from making the judgment at the outset that those offenders never will be fit to reenter society.
Graham, 130 S.Ct. at 2030.
Appellant asks this Court to apply Graham to his case and find that his seventy-year sentence is the functional equivalent of a natural life sentence. However, the Supreme Court specifically limited its holding in Graham to only “those juvenile offenders sentenced to life without parole solely for a nonhomicide offense.” Id. at 2023; See also Thomas v. State, 78 So.3d 644 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011) (affirming a juvenile’s fifty-year sentence for armed robbery and aggravated battery); and see Manuel v. State, 48 So.3d 94, 98 n. 3 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010) (affirming a juvenile’s forty-year sentence for attempted murder with a firearm).
As in Thomas, we agree that at some point, a term-of-years sentence may become the functional equivalent of a life sentence. See United States v. Mathurin, 2011 WL 2580775 (S.D.Fla. June 29, 2011) (finding that a mandatory minimum sentence of three-hundred and seven years’ imprisonment for a juvenile was unconstitutional). Nevertheless, we do not believe that situation has occurred in the instant case.
We, therefore, AFFIRM the trial court’s imposition of judgment and sentence.
AFFIRMED.
ROBERTS, J., Concurs; WOLF, J., Dissents with Opinion.
Dissenting.
As we stated in Thomas v. State, 78 So.3d 644 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011), the only logical way to address the concerns expressed by the United States Supreme Court in Graham v. Florida, — U.S. -, 130 S.Ct. 2011, 176 L.Ed.2d 825 (2010), is to provide parole opportunities for juveniles. The Legislature, not the judiciary, is empowered to create a provision for parole.
Absent the option of parole, I am at a loss on how to apply the Graham decision to a lengthy term of years. Is a 60-year sentence lawful, but a 70-year sentence not? Regardless, it is clear to me that appellant will spend most of his life in prison. This result would appear to violate the spirit, if not the letter, of the Graham decision. I, therefore, must respectfully dissent. However, in doing so, I note that absent a legislative solution, I look for guidance from either the United States or Florida Supreme Courts.
WOLF, J.,
Dissenting.
As we stated in Thomas v. State, 78 So. 3d 644 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011), the only logical way to address the concerns expressed by the United States Supreme Court in Graham v. Florida, — U.S. -, 130 S.Ct. 2011, 176 L.Ed.2d 825 (2010), is to provide parole opportunities for juveniles. The Legislature, not the judiciary, is empowered to create a provision for parole.
Absent the option of parole, I am at a loss on how to apply the Graham decision to a lengthy term of years. Is a 60-year sentence lawful, but a 70-year sentence not? Regardless, it is clear to me that appellant will spend most of his life in prison. This result would appear to violate the spirit, if not the letter, of the Graham decision. I, therefore, must respectfully dissent. However, in doing so, I note that absent a legislative solution, I look for guidance from either the United States or Florida Supreme Courts.
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Shimeeka Daquiel Gridine v. State, 175 So. 3d 672 (Fla. 2015)…, is both legal and appropriate. State v. Gridine, No. 09-6473 (Fla. 4th Cir.Ct. Mar. 18, 2011) (emphasis in original). The First District affirmed the trial court’s order, concluding that Graham does not apply in Gridine’s case. Gridine v. State, 89 So. 3d 909, 910 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011) (“In its order denying the motion, the trial court found Graham inapplicable to Mr. Gridine’s situation on grounds that he did not face a life sentence without the possibility of parole. We agree.”). Gri-dine moved the distr…
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Guzman v. State, 110 So. 3d 480 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013)…s v. State, 78 So. 3d 644, 646-47 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011), the court held that “at some point, a term-of-years sentence may become the functional equivalent of a life sentence” but affirmed the defendant’s fifty-year sentence. See also Gridine v. State, 89 So. 3d 909, 911 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011) (repeating that a term-of-years sentence may become a de facto life sentence but holding that the seventy-year sentence did not reach that point). In Floyd v. State, 87 So. 3d 45, 46 (Fla. 1st DCA 2012), the First District r…
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Floyd v. State, 87 So. 3d 45 (Fla. 1st DCA 2012)…oncurrent sentences met that standard because, as found by the trial court, the appellant would be in his late sixties when he was released from prison, if he was required to serve the entirety of his sentence. 78 So. 3d at 646. In Gridine v. State, 89 So. 3d 909, 2011 WL 6849649 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011), while again noting that, at some point, a term-of-years sentence may become the functional equivalent of a life sentence, we rejected the argument that a seventy-year sentence was unconstitutional. In this case…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Thomas v. State, 78 So. 3d 644 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011)
- Manuel v. State, 48 So. 3d 94 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010)