SURGICAL PARTNERS, LLC, APPELLANT,
v.
MICHAEL CHOI, D.O., APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 2012-11-21
No. 4D11-3902
STEVENSON and LEVINE, JJ„ concur.
100 So. 3d 1267 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (2012) Positive Treatment
Cited by 5 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.


Holding

A party cannot claim an agreement is unenforceable due to a condition precedent's failure and simultaneously seek attorney's fees under that same agreement.


Headnotes

[1] A contract that never came into existence cannot support an award of attorney's fees under a prevailing party provision.

[2] When a condition precedent to contract formation never occurs, no binding contract is formed.

Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

A medical association sued a doctor for breach of contract. The doctor successfully defended by arguing the agreement was unenforceable due to lack of…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
MAY, C.J.

MAY, C.J.

“What is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.”

This case returns to us in an appeal from an order awarding attorney’s fees and costs. The award arose from the doctor’s successful defense of the medical association’s breach of contract claim. We previously affirmed the underlying summary judgment in favor of the doctor. We now reverse the order awarding fees.

The medical association filed a one-count breach of contract claim against the doctor seeking liquidated damages for the doctor’s termination of an employment agreement. The doctor denied the claim. He successfully argued that the employment agreement was unenforceable because the medical association failed to provide the requisite written notice to commence the agreement term.

The trial court granted summary judgment in the doctor’s favor, finding that the employment agreement was unenforceable. We affirmed the summary judgment. See Surgical Partners, LLC v. Choi, 88 So.3d 957 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012).

The doctor subsequently moved for an award of attorney’s fees and costs, pursuant to the prevailing party fee provision of the employment agreement. At the hearing on entitlement, the doctor argued that notwithstanding that the employment agreement term never commenced and the liquidated damages provision was unenforceable, he was entitled to prevailing party fees because that provision of the agreement remained effective. In response, the medical association argued that the doctor was not entitled to attorney’s fees if the agreement never commenced.

The trial court took the matter under advisement and subsequently entered an order granting entitlement to fees. In its order, the court wrote: “This was an agreement that did exist but [was] unenforceable due to the failure to send written notice.” The medical association moved for reconsideration and argued that a lack of notice was tantamount to a failure of a condition precedent. Therefore, there was no enforceable agreement and no prevailing party fees provision to apply. The *1269trial court denied the motion for reconsideration.

The trial court subsequently entered a final judgment for attorney’s fees and costs. From this final judgment, the medical association now appeals.

The medical association continues to argue that the attorney’s fees judgment should be reversed because the employment agreement never took effect. The doctor responds that the employment agreement existed, but the liquidated damages provision was unenforceable due to the lack of written notice to commence. He suggests that the attorney’s fees provision survived that defect.

We have de novo review of this contract as it relates to the issue of entitlement to attorney’s fees. Land & Sea Petroleum, Inc. v. Bus. Specialists, Inc., 53 So.3d 348, 355 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011).

“[F]or the purpose of determining whether an award of attorney’s fees is proper under a contract’s prevailing party fee provision, ‘there is a difference between contracts that never came into existence and contracts that exist but are later found to be unenforceable.’ ” Tarr v. Honea, 959 So.2d 780, 781 (Fla. 4th DCA 2007) (quoting Fabing v. Eaton, 941 So.2d 415, 418 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006)).

No binding contract is formed when a condition precedent to its formation never occurs. Mitchell v. DiMare, 936 So.2d 1178, 1180 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006). Here, the agreement plainly set out its term of operation in article two, which provides:

The Agreement term shall initially be for five (5) years (the Agreement Term), commencing on the Effective Date, defined below.... The Effective Date means the date that the Employee begins providing surgical services for the Company pursuant to this Agreement, which date shall be the date on which the Company commences active business operations, pursuant to a written notice to be delivered in accordance with Article 11, below ....

(Emphasis added).

Written notice was a condition precedent to formation. The medical association never sent that notice, which permitted the trial court to grant the doctor’s motion for summary judgment. It was on this basis that we affirmed the summary judgment. The doctor simply cannot avoid a liquidated damages provision by claiming the agreement never came into effect, or was unenforceable, and at the same time be entitled to attorney’s fees under the same agreement.1 See Blosser v. AADCO Enters., Inc., 526 So.2d 126, 126 (Fla. 5th DCA 1988) (affirming the denial of contractual attorney’s fees where the defendant prevailed in a breach of contract action by asserting that plaintiff never performed the condition precedent to the contract). For this reason, we reverse and remand the case to the trial court to vacate the attorney’s fees award.2

Reversed and Remanded to Vacate the Attorney’s Fees Award.

STEVENSON and LEVINE, JJ„ concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • HFC Collection Ctr., Inc. v. Alexander, 190 So. 3d 1114 (Fla. 5th DCA 2016)
    …t 956; see also Novastar Mortg., Inc. v. Strassburger, 855 So. 2d 130, 131 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003) (holding that mortgage could not serve as basis for award of attorney’s fees to person who was not party to mortgage). In Surgical Partners, LLC, v. Choi 100 So. 3d 1267 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012), the Fourth District dealt with a situation where there was a signed employment-agreement between the medical association and physician. The physician avoided the enforcement of the employment contract by successfully arguing-tha…
  • Land Co. OF Osceola Cnty., LLC v. Genesis Concepts, Inc., 169 So. 3d 243 (Fla. 4th DCA 2015)
    …n precedent to formation, ... the contract does not exist unless and until the condition occurs.” Id. (emphasis added). Thus, “[n]o binding contract is formed when a condition precedent to its formation never occurs.” Surgical Partners, LLC v. Choi, 100 So. 3d 1267, 1269 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012). On the other hand, “[i]n the case of a condition precedent to performance, a contract exists that may be enforced pursuant to its terms.” Mitchell, 936 So. 2d at 1180 (emphasis added). Generally, “conditions precedent are…

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw