THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
ROLANDO MARTINEZ, APPELLEE
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The State appeals a probation revocation sentence where the trial court imposed 364 days in county jail instead of following the Criminal Punishment Code guidelines for a violent felony offender of special concern. The appellate court reverses, holding that the Criminal Punishment Code applies mandatorily to probation revocations for violent felony offenders and that trial courts cannot impose sentences below the guideline minimum without proper statutory authority.
The Criminal Punishment Code applies mandatorily to all felony offenses committed after October 1, 1998, including probation revocations for violent felony offenders of special concern. Once the court finds that such an offender poses a danger to the community and revokes probation, it must sentence the offender under the guidelines up to the statutory maximum, and may not impose a sentence below the guideline minimum without a valid basis for downward departure under section 921.0026.
[1] The Criminal Punishment Code applies to all felony offenses committed on or after October 1, 1998, unless specifically excluded.
[2] A "violent felony offender of special concern" who poses a danger to the community must have probation revoked and be sentenced under the Criminal Punishment Code.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“The Criminal Punishment Code shall apply to all felony offenses, except capital felonies, committed on or after October 1,1998.”
Establishes the mandatory application of guidelines to this case, with no exception for probation revocations
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceMartinez was charged with simple battery and aggravated battery for striking his wife with a hot iron, leaving a permanent burn mark. He entered a ple…
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As a result of an incident on May 17, 2010, in which the defendant-appellee struck his wife with a hot iron leaving a permanent burn mark on her leg, he was charged with one count of simple battery and two of aggravated battery. Before trial, however, the defendant entered into a bargain in which he pled to one count of simple battery and one count of aggravated battery in return for a withhold of adjudication and — although the sentencing guidelines for the charges yielded a minimum sentence of 21.15 months in state prison — two years probation. Within two months, however, as found by the trial court in a now-uncontested ruling, Martinez violated his probation in several material respects. Because aggravated battery is a qualifying offense under the Anti-Murder Act, § 948.06(8)(c)3., Fla. Stat. (2009),1 and he was also found to be— again, without present dispute — an unreasonable danger to the community, § 948.06(8)(e)l., Fla. Stat. (2009), and thus rendered a “violent felony offender of special concern,” the court was called upon to sentence him under section 948.06(8)(e)2.a., Florida Statutes (2009), which provides:
If the court has found that a violent felony offender of special concern [like Martinez] poses a danger to the community, the court shall revoke probation and shall sentence the offender up to the statutory maximum, or longer if permitted by law.
On the stated basis that this provision does not require the application of the guidelines2 and even without consideration of *1015the facts that (a) even if he had not been placed on and violated probation, the “bottom” of the guidelines was 21.15 months in state prison, and (b) once more without dispute, no valid basis for a downward departure was established in any way,3 the trial court, having revoked probation, sentenced Martinez to only B64 days in the county jail, followed by reinstatement of probation.4 The State appeals pursuant to section 924.07(l)(i), Florida Statutes (2010), and we reverse.
That error was committed below is conclusively established, without more, by section 921.002, Florida Statutes (2009), which provides:
The Criminal Punishment Code shall apply to all felony offenses, except capital felonies, committed on or after October 1,1998.
See also § 775.082(8)(d), Fla. Stat. (2009) (“The Criminal Punishment Code applies to all felonies, except capital felonies, committed on or after October 1, 1998. Any revision to the Criminal Punishment Code applies to sentencing for all felonies, except capital felonies, committed on or after the effective date of the revision.”); § 921.0024(l)(b)2., Fla. Stat. (2009) (section entitled “Criminal Punishment Code; worksheet computations; scoresheets,” providing for additional points “[i]f the community sanction violation is committed by a violent felony offender of special concern, as defined in s. 94-8.06” (emphasis added)). This statute, which could not be more categorical, unconditional, or unambiguous, clearly establishes that the code and the guidelines do apply to this case.5 *1016Indeed, they apply in spades.6 The Anti-Murder Act was specifically passed to prevent just the kind of thing that occurred below. It was designed to obviate the thought-to-be undesirable spectacle of a person on probation for a designated serious crime violating that trust only to be restored to the same or equivalent status. The result below is in flagrant violation of that legislative objective. It is inconeeiva-*1017ble that the legislature would have countenanced an end run around the statute by permitting instead the miscreant to be sentenced to prison (or, as here, jail) for any period, however short — 364 days, 60 days, or 60 minutes — solely within the presumably unreviewable discretion of the trial court.7 Martinez initially escaped a 21.15 month sentence because the State agreed to a downward departure as part of a plea bargain. See § 921.0026(2)(a), Fla. Stat. (2009); State v. Pita, 54 So.3d 557, 560 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011). Here, having broken his side of the bargain, and over the protest of the State, he has actually come out better than he would have in the first place. We cannot approve such a conclusion. See Gracia v. State, 98 So.3d 1243, 1245 (Fla. 3d DCA 2012) (citing Doctor v. State, 677 So.2d 1372 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996) (special concurrence), approved, 698 So.2d 1224 (Fla.1997)).
Sentence reversed and remanded for re-sentencing under the guidelines.
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Barber v. State, 207 So. 3d 379 (Fla. 5th DCA 2016)…ndatory incarceration in certain circumstances “to obviate the thought-to-be undesirable spectacle of a person on probation for a designated serious crime violating that trust only to be restored to the same or equivalent status.” State v. Martinez, 103 So. 3d 1013, 1016 (Fla. 3d DCA 2012). Compliance with these statutory requirements ensures that the community is protected from further criminal conduct, including murder, by those individuals designated violent felony offenders of special concern [*383] until…
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Santiago v. Ryan, 109 So. 3d 848 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013)…hat the legislature would contemplate that the policy of “two strikes and you’re in” would not take effect merely because the defendant did not even have the goodness to be released from jail before he violated his first bond. See State v. Martinez, 103 So. 3d 1013 (Fla. 3d DCA 2012). Habeas corpus denied.…
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Matthews v. Sec'y, Dep't of Corr. (Hernando County) (M.D. Fla. 2023)
Authorities Cited
- Polite v. State, 973 So. 2d 1107 (Fla. 2007)
- Donnie Hugh Doctor v. State, 677 So. 2d 1372 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996)
- Cooper v. State, 742 So. 2d 855 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999)
- State v. Geoghagan, 27 So. 3d 111 (Fla. 1st DCA 2009)
- Donnie Hugh Doctor v. State, 698 So. 2d 1224 (Fla. 1997)
- State v. Elvis Pita, 54 So. 3d 557 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011)
- Wynkoop v. State, 14 So. 3d 1166 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009)
- State v. Mikeal Kasten, 775 So. 2d 992 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000)
- Gracia v. State, 98 So. 3d 1243 (Fla. 3d DCA 2012)
- Campbell v. State, 48 So. 3d 201 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010)