SANDY RIVERS, AS PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE AND ON BEHALF OF THE ESTATE OF BENNIE CHRISTOPHER RIVERS, JR., DECEASED AND SANDY RIVERS AND BENNIE RIVERS, INDIVIDUALLY, APPELLANTS,
v.
THE HERTZ CORPORATION, A FOREIGN CORPORATION., APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 2013-07-31
No. 3D12-1818
Before WELLS, SUAREZ and LAGOA, JJ.
121 So. 3d 1078 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (2013) Positive Treatment

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Sandy Rivers, as personal representative of the estate of Bennie C. Rivers, Jr., appealed the dismissal of her wrongful death action against Hertz for renting a vehicle to a driver with a suspended license. The court affirmed the dismissal, holding that Hertz had no duty to conduct a background check into a driver's license status when the driver presented a facially valid license.


Holding

Hertz owed no duty to conduct a background check on a driver's license status when the driver presented a facially valid license. The court found no proximate causation because the lack of a valid license did not render the driver unfit or incompetent to drive, and the accident would have occurred regardless.


Headnotes

[1] A vehicle rental company owes no duty to investigate a renter's driving record beyond verifying the validity of the presented driver's license, absent knowledge that the…

[2] A general negligence claim against a vehicle rental company cannot "bootstrap" onto a statutory violation if the statute does not impose a duty to investigate beyond insp…

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Key Quotes

“Hertz owed a duty of care beyond that imposed by section 322.38 if it 'knew or should have known some reason why entrusting the [vehicle] to [Walker] was foolish or negligent.'”

Establishes the standard for when a duty arises beyond statutory requirements in negligent entrustment cases

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Facts & Procedural History

Bennie C. Rivers was killed as a passenger in a 2008 Corvette rented from Hertz and driven by William A. Walker, IV. Walker was traveling fast and swe…

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Opinion of the Court
SUAREZ, J.

SUAREZ, J.

The Appellant, Sandy Rivers, as Personal Representative and on behalf of the Estate of Bennie C. Rivers, Jr., appeals from an Order denying her motion to vacate the order granting Hertz Corporation’s (“Hertz”) Motion to Dismiss Second Amended Complaint with Prejudice as to Hertz only, and denying her leave to file a third amended complaint. We affirm.

Background

Bennie C. Rivers was killed in a car accident while a passenger in a 2008 Corvette Chevrolet rented and driven by Ap-pellee, William A. Walker, IV (“Walker”). According to the police report, a witness stated Walker collided with another vehicle after traveling fast and swerving through traffic. Unbeknownst to Hertz, the lessor of the vehicle, Walker’s driver’s license had been suspended from a speeding ticket he received in another state. The Appellant filed a wrongful death action against Hertz and sought recovery on the basis of negligence.

In her second amended complaint, the Appellant claimed Hertz had the affirmative duty to investigate and discover Walker’s suspended driver’s license. The trial court dismissed this complaint with prejudice based on the conclusion that section 822.38, Florida Statutes (2009), only required that Hertz inspect the license to verify the signature.1 In Appellant’s proposed third amended complaint, she alleged only a general negligence claim and abandoned her statutory negligence claim as to duty, but maintained the statutory violation was evidence of proximate causation under common law negligence. The trial court rejected this argument and stated Appellant’s general negligence claim “bootstraps” onto section 322.38.

Duty

The threshold issue in this case is whether Hertz had a duty to perform a background check into the status of Walker’s driver’s license.

Under the Graves Amendment, 49 U.S.C. § 30106, if there is no negligence or criminal wrongdoing on the part of the owner of rental vehicles, the owner shall not be liable by reason of being the titleholder of the vehicle. See Vargas v. Enter. Leasing Co., 60 So.3d 1037, 1041-1042 (Fla.2011), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 132 S.Ct. 769, 181 L.Ed.2d 486 (2011). Duty is a question of law that “focuses on whether the defendant’s conduct foreseeably created a broader ‘zone of risk’ that poses a general threat of harm to others.” McCain v. Fla. Power Corp., 593 So.2d 500, 502 n. 2 (Fla.1992). Hertz was negligent if it failed to perform its duty under section 322.38. However, Hertz owed a duty of care beyond that imposed by section 322.38 if it “knew or should have known some reason why entrusting the *1080[vehicle] to [Walker] was foolish or negligent.” Mullins v. Harrell, 490 So.2d 1338, 1340 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986). “If no legal duty exists, there can be no cause of action for negligence.” Rishel v. E. Airlines, Inc., 466 So.2d 1136, 1138 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985).

Because there is no claim that Hertz failed to perform its statutory duty under section 322.38 to compare signatures, our analysis will focus on whether Hertz knew or should have known that Walker’s driver’s license was deficient.

The Appellant relies on Tellez v. Saban, 188 Ariz. 165, 933 P.2d 1233 (1996). Tellez is distinguishable from the present case because the lessor in that case had actual knowledge at the time of the rental that the driver did not possess a valid driver’s license. Id. at 1238-39. However, in this case, the Appellant failed to allege any facts that Hertz knew or should have known Walker was an unfit driver when he presented a facially valid driver’s license. Absent any facts to demonstrate Hertz had some knowledge of the deficient driver’s license, there can be no duty imposed upon Hertz to investigate and discover Walker’s suspended driver’s license. See Noris v. Silver, 701 So.2d 1238, 1241 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997) (affirming a dismissal for negligent referral because the plaintiff failed to allege that the defendant had knowledge of any facts that would indicate the lawyer would commit malpractice).2,3 Therefore, because the proposed third amended complaint failed to allege sufficient facts to show that Hertz had a duty under general common law negligence to investigate and discover Walker’s suspended driver’s license, the second amended complaint was properly dismissed with prejudice.

Proximate Cause

As to the issue of whether Hertz proximately caused the injury, the court in Jackson v. Hertz Corp., 590 So.2d 929, 931 n. 3 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990), explained that “[e]ven if Hertz had violated the terms of section 322.38(2), its failure to comply with *1081this penal statute was not the proximate cause of the plaintiffs injury” because the lack of license did not make a driver unfit or incompetent to drive. The accident would have occurred whether or not Walker had a valid license in his possession at the time of the rental.

Conclusion

The trial court properly denied the Appellant’s motion to vacate the dismissal of her second amended complaint with prejudice, as to Hertz only. The proposed third amended complaint will not save the Appellant’s failure to state a cause of action in her second amended complaint. The third amended complaint continues to claim Hertz had a duty beyond that stated in section 322.38 without pleading facts to justify the imposition of a further duty to investigate and discover the suspended license. “Denial of a request to amend an amended complaint is not error when the complaint will not state a cause of action even if it includes the proffered amendment.” Wolfson v. Moye, 214 So.2d 629, 630 (Fla. 3d DCA 1968). The trial court’s denial of leave to file a third amended complaint was not an abuse of discretion and we affirm.


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