JAY KUCHERA, APPELLANT,
v.
CLAIRE RICE KUCHERA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 2013-09-04
Nos. 4D11-2573, 4D11-2950
TAYLOR, LEVINE, and KLINGENSMITH, JJ„ concur.
123 So. 3d 631 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (2013)

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Synopsis

The former husband appeals a final judgment of dissolution of marriage, challenging the trial court's refusal to characterize certain payments under the marital settlement agreement for federal tax purposes. The appellate court reverses on the tax characterization issue and remands for the trial court to determine whether the payments are deductible alimony or non-deductible property settlement, affirming the judgment in all other respects.


Holding

The trial court erred in declining to characterize the payments for federal tax purposes. The court must amend the final judgment to indicate whether the payments are deductible by the former husband and taxable to the former wife after analyzing the relevant provisions of the marital settlement agreement.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court errs by declining to characterize payments for federal tax purposes when the issue is properly before it.

[2] Payments designated as lump sum alimony are generally not deductible by the payer under federal tax law.

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Key Quotes

“The usual treatment of alimony is to make the alimony taxable to the recipient and deductible by the payer.”

Establishes the general federal tax rule for characterizing alimony payments

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Facts & Procedural History

The parties entered into a post-reconciliation marital settlement agreement requiring the former husband to pay the former wife one-half of his salary…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

The former husband appeals, and the former wife cross-appeals, the trial court’s Third Amended Final Judgment of Dissolution of Marriage. We reverse the trial court’s decision declining to characterize the payments to the former wife in the parties’ post-reconciliation marital settlement agreement (“MSA”) for federal tax purposes, and we remand for the trial court to make a ruling on that issue and amend the final judgment. In all other respects, we affirm the Third Amended Final Judgment.

*632The parties’ MSA, under a provision titled “Lump Sum Alimony and Equitable Distribution,” requires the former husband to pay the former wife one-half of his salary after payment of child support for ten years, to be followed by yearly payments of $10,000.1 The former husband and the former wife agreed that the provision would be non-modifíable. The MSA is silent as to whether these payments would be deductible by the former husband, or includible in the income of the former wife.

“The usual treatment of alimony is to make the alimony taxable to the recipient and deductible by the payer.” Rykiel v. Rykiel, 838 So.2d 508, 510 (Fla.2003) (citation omitted). However, payments are not deductible by the payer as alimony if they are “part of a property settlement agreement.” Hyotlaine v. Hyotlaine, 356 So.2d 1319, 1321 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978). Lump sum alimony “is a fixed and certain amount, the right to which is vested in the recipient and which is not therefore subject to increase, reduction, or termination in the event of any contingency, specifically including those of death or remarriage.” Boyd v. Boyd, 478 So.2d 356, 357 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985). If the payments qualify as lump sum alimony, they remain payable to the former wife’s estate in the event of her death, and consequently, generally will not be deductible by the former husband under the relevant Internal Revenue Code provisions. Rood v. Comm’r, T.C. Memo. 2012-122, 2012 WL 1435009 (U.S.Tax Ct. Apr.25, 2012); Sharp v. Comm’r, T.C. Summ. Op.2004-27, 2004 WL 440429 (U.S.Tax Ct. Mar.11, 2004).

In the present case, the opinions of the parties’ accountants conflicted as to whether the former husband could deduct the payments. The trial court stated that “the better part of discretion [was] to do nothing” and expressly “decline[d] to characterize the payments for federal tax purposes, subject to any future ruling by the Internal Revenue Service or the Tax Courts.” We find that this was error, and we direct the trial court to amend its final judgment to indicate whether or not the payments shall be deductible by the former husband and taxable to the former wife, after analyzing the pertinent provisions of the MSA.2

Affirmed in part; reversed in part; and remanded.

TAYLOR, LEVINE, and KLINGENSMITH, JJ„ concur.


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