IRINA ROMANYUK, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Irina Romanyuk was convicted of possession of a controlled substance and paraphernalia. The Florida Second District Court of Appeal reversed her conviction, holding that the trial court erred by refusing to give a jury instruction on the prescription defense—her sole defense—when evidence supported that the pills belonged to her husband who had a valid prescription.
The trial court erred by refusing to give the prescription defense jury instruction. Where a defendant's sole or primary defense is supported by evidence at trial and is not merely weak, failure to instruct the jury on that defense deprives the defendant of a fair trial. The prescription defense should have been submitted to the jury.
[1] A trial court errs by denying a defendant's request for a prescription defense jury instruction when the defense is supported by evidence adduced at trial and is the defe…
[2] A defendant may be entitled to a prescription defense jury instruction when evidence suggests the defendant was holding a controlled substance as an agent for an individu…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Where the trial court fails to instruct the jury on a crucial defense, '[a] defendant is deprived of a fair trial if the error divests the defendant of his or her 'sole, or ... primary, defense strategy' and that defense is supported by evidence adduced at trial that could not be characterized as 'weak.'”
Establishes the legal standard for when failure to instruct on a defense constitutes reversible error
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceMs. Romanyuk was in a car when her friend Ms. Motes sold oxycodone pills to an undercover officer at a Wendy's drive-through without Ms. Romanyuk's kn…
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Irina Romanyuk appeals her conviction and thirty-month prison sentence for possession of a controlled substance and possession of paraphernalia. See §§ 893.13(6)(a), .147, Fla. Stat. (2011). The trial court erroneously denied her request for a prescription defense jury instruction. Consequently, we reverse.
Ms. Romanyuk planned to run some errands with her husband and her friend Sue Motes. Ms. Motes drove them in her car. They stopped first at the library. Ms. Motes then drove to Wendy’s, where a man came to her car window; she gave him five oxycodone pills in exchange for one hundred dollars. Apparently, Ms. Ro-manyuk was not paying attention and did not see the exchange.
To Ms. Motes’ surprise, the man who purchased the pills was undercover officer Corporal Clemens. When he signaled for other officers to make an arrest, Ms. Motes sped away. Ms. Motes drove to Ms. Romanyuk’s home. Later, Ms. Motes decided to turn herself in.
Ms. Motes and Ms. Romanyuk drove to the bail bondsman’s office in Ms. Motes’ car. Ms. Romanyuk sat in the car and waited for Ms. Motes. Several minutes later, Sergeant Maler, part of the original take-down unit, approached the car and asked Ms. Romanyuk to step out. She complied. In response to Sergeant Maler’s inquiry, she said she had oxycodone in her purse. Sergeant Maler searched her purse, finding three unlabeled bottles containing blue capsules, four cell phones, and Ms. Romanyuk’s identification. Corporal Clemens arrived at the scene and confiscated the pills, phones, and identification. Two of the bottles contained oxycodone. Ms. Romanyuk said she did not have a prescription but was holding the pills for her husband, who did. Corporal Clemens arrested Ms. Romanyuk.
At trial, Ms. Romanyuk sought to introduce into evidence a printout of a pharmacy record of the prescription transactions and receipts attached to the husband’s prescription bags. The trial court ruled that they were inadmissible without a pharmacy employee introducing them as business *751records. The trial court would not let Ms. Romanyuk testify, or her counsel argue, that her husband had a valid prescription for the oxycodone. The trial court did allow Ms. Romanyuk to testify and trial counsel to argue that Ms. Romanyuk frequently picked up these pills from the pharmacy for her husband and often saw him taking them.
Ms. Romanyuk requested a prescription defense jury instruction.1 The trial court refused the request, ruling that the defense was speculative. The jury convicted Ms. Romanyuk. On appeal, Ms. Romanyuk argues that the trial court abused its discretion by refusing to instruct the jury on the prescription defense when the pills allegedly belonged to her husband, who had a prescription. This was her only defense.
Where the trial court fails to instruct the jury on a crucial defense, “[a] defendant is deprived of a fair trial if the error divests the defendant of his or her ‘sole, or ... primary, defense strategy’ and that defense is supported by evidence adduced at trial that could not be characterized as ‘weak.’ ” McCoy v. State, 56 So.3d 37, 40 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010) (quoting Martinez v. State, 981 So.2d 449, 455 (Fla.2008)); accord Ramirez v. State, 125 So.3d 171, 176 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013). This was Ms. Romanyuk’s sole defense; its apparent weakness stems from the trial court’s restriction of testimony and argument relating to the husband’s possession of a valid prescription. Generally, the trial court allows a defendant to testify that there is a valid prescription, even where the defendant does not have a pharmacist introduce the prescription as a business record or a doctor testify to having prescribed the drugs; the jury may then decide whether to believe that defense. See, e.g., Hardy v. State, 140 So.3d 1016, 1018, at *1 (Fla. 1st DCA May 14, 2014) (“The trial court ruled [defendant’s girlfriend] could testify that she had been given a prescription for Methadone and that it would be up to the jury to decide whether to believe her testimony if the prescription could not be produced.”); Ramirez, 125 So.3d 171 (reversing for failure to instruct jury on prescription defense; mother testified she had valid prescription; no indication that prescription was introduced into evidence); Ayotte v. State, 67 So.3d 330 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011) (reversing for failure to instruct jury on prescription defense where defendant claimed he held pills for his girlfriend who had a valid prescription; no indication that prescription was entered into evidence; State did not dispute validity of prescription); Glovacz v. State, 60 So.3d 423 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011) (reversing for failure to instruct jury on prescription defense where defendant claimed to have valid prescription; State did not refute *752that claim; no indication that prescription was entered into evidence); McCoy, 56 So.3d 37 (fundamental error to fail to instruct jury on prescription defense where defendant and husband testified husband had prescription; no indication that prescription was entered into evidence).
Had the trial court allowed Ms. Roman-yuk to testify, and her counsel to argue, that her husband for whom she was holding the pills held a valid prescription, the evidence could not be characterized as more “weak” than the above-cited cases where convictions were reversed for failure to instruct on the prescription defense even though the prescription was not in evidence.
The trial court should have given the requested jury instruction. We reverse and remand for a new trial.
Reversed and remanded.
KELLY and KHOUZAM, JJ., Concur.
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Cited By
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Katarzyna MA Maksymowska v. State (Fla. 2d DCA 2020)…a prescription defense instruction. "A prescription defense instruction is necessary where there is evidence that the defendant was holding a controlled substance as [the] agent of another individual to whom it was prescribed." Romanyuk v. State, 141 So. 3d 749, 751 n.1 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014) (citing McCoy v. State, 56 So. 3d 37, 39 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010)); see also Ramirez v. State, 125 So. 3d 171, 177 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013) (reversing the defendant's conviction for trafficking in hydrocodone and remanding for a ne…
Authorities Cited
- Martinez v. State, 981 So. 2d 449 (Fla. 2008)
- McCOY v. State, 56 So. 3d 37 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010)
- Ayotte v. State, 67 So. 3d 330 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011)
- Ramirez v. State, 125 So. 3d 171 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013)
- Milton v. F.p.p.c./F.d.o.c., 60 So. 3d 423 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011)
- Glovacz v. State, 60 So. 3d 423 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011)
- Jermey Gene Hardy v. State, 140 So. 3d 1016 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014)