ROBERT PEEK, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Robert Peek appeals his sentences as a habitual felony offender (HFO), challenging the trial court's interpretation that HFO sentencing requires imposing a sentence exceeding the statutory maximum. The appellate court agrees, holding that the HFO statute permits judicial discretion and does not mandate sentences above the statutory maximum, and therefore vacates and remands for resentencing.
The HFO statute does not require a sentence exceeding the statutory maximum. Section 775.084(4)(a) permits judicial discretion in sentencing HFO defendants, allowing sentences up to the specified maximum but not mandating they exceed the standard statutory maximum. A sentence of ten years would be legal under the HFO statute for a second-degree felony.
[1] A trial court misinterprets the habitual felony offender statute when it believes the statute requires a sentence greater than the statutory maximum for the underlying of…
[2] The habitual felony offender statute allows a trial court discretion in sentencing, and does not mandate a sentence exceeding the statutory maximum for the underlying fel…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Section 775.084(4)(a) does not mandate the imposition of a sentence that exceeds the statutory maximum”
The court's direct holding that the HFO statute does not require sentences above the statutory maximum
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligencePeek entered a negotiated plea to two counts of dealing in stolen property and two counts of providing false verification of ownership, agreeing to be…
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Robert Peek (defendant) timely appeals two of his sentences. Determining that the trial court misinterpreted the habitual felony offender (HFO) statute1 to require a sentence greater than the statutory maximum, we vacate the defendant’s two second-degree felony sentences and remand for resentencing.
The defendant entered a negotiated plea on two counts of dealing in stolen property and two counts of providing false verification of ownership. He agreed to be sentenced as a HFO, with a cap on his sentences of fifteen years and one day of imprisonment. The two dealing in stolen property convictions were second-degree felonies, which would normally carry a maximum sentence of fifteen years’ imprisonment, but the HFO statute sets a maximum sentence at thirty years’ imprison*1102ment. At sentencing, the trial court stated that it would have sentenced the defendant to terms of ten years’ imprisonment for the second-degree felonies, but it understood that the law required that a sentence imposed pursuant to the HFO statute must be greater than the applicable statutory maximum. Consequently, the court sentenced the defendant to two terms of fifteen years and one day of imprisonment for the second-degree felonies.
The defendant contends that the trial court erred in misinterpreting the HFO statute as requiring the imposition of a term of imprisonment which is greater than the statutory maximum. We agree.
Section 775.084(4)(a) does not mandate the imposition of a sentence that exceeds the statutory maximum:
775.084; Violent career criminals; habitual felony offenders and habitual violent felony offenders; three time violent felony offender definitions; procedure; enhanced penalties, mandatory minimum prison terms
(4)(a) The court, in conformity with the procedure established in paragraph (3)(a) may sentence the habitual felony offender as follows:
1. In the case of a life felony or a felony of the first degree for life;
2. In the case of a felony of the second degree, for a term of years not exceeding 30;
3. In the case of a felony of the third degree, for a term of years not exceeding 10.
(Emphasis added). Thus, the statute allows for discretion on the part of the trial court in imposing a HFO sentence. See State v. Hudson, 698 So.2d 831, 832 (Fla.1997) (extending the permissive nature of the HFO sentencing to the decision to impose a mandatory minimum sentence); Gibson v. State, 775 So.2d 353, 354 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000)(stating that a sentence of less than the statutory maximum will not be found to be illegal simply because it is less than the statutory maximum). C.f. Lett v. State, 805 So.2d 950, 951 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001) (stating that the sentences provided for in the habitual offender statute have been interpreted by the supreme court to mean “any term of years” up to the maximum specified for the particular offense level, provided the term of years is not more lenient than that required by the habitual offender statute or recommended by the sentencing guidelines).
While the language in the habitual violent felony offender statute, section 775.084(4)(b), mandates the imposition of a minimum sentence, and the three-time felony offender statute, section 775.084(4)(c), mandates the actual sentence to be imposed, the language of the HFO statute does not require a mandatory minimum sentence.
In this case, an incarceration term of ten years would be a legal sentence under the HFO statute. Accordingly, we vacate the defendant’s second-degree felony sentences, and remand for resentencing.
SENTENCES VACATED; CAUSE REMANDED FOR RESENTENCING.
ORFINGER and LAWSON, JJ. concur.
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Citator
Cited By
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Daniel Leon Heatley a K a Daniel Leon Heatly v. State (Fla. 2d DCA 2019)
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Kieran Searcy v. Sec'y, Dep't of Corr. (M.D. Fla. 2025)…prisonment.” Foulks v. State, 306 So. 3d 1178, 1185-86 (Fla. 3d DCA 2020). Thus, the HFO statute “increase[s] the maximum sentence that can be imposed" for certain offenses, id., but “it does not require a mandatory minimum sentence,” Peek v. State, 143 So. 3d 1101, 1102 (Fla. 5th DCA 2014). As relevant here, an HFO sentence requires proof that “the defendant has been previously convicted of any combination of two or more felonies and that the current felony occurred . . . within five years from the date of th…
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Kierce v. Sec'y, Dep't of Corr. (Polk County) (M.D. Fla. 2025)…prisonment.” Foulks v. State, 306 So. 3d 1178, 1185–86 (Fla. 3d DCA 2020). Thus, the HFO statute “increase[s] the maximum sentence that can be imposed" for certain offenses, id., but "it does not require a mandatory minimum sentence,” Peek v. State, 143 So. 3d 1101, 1102 (Fla. 5th DCA 2014). Here, the HFO designation would have increased the statutory maximum for armed false imprisonment from 15 years to 30 years. Peek, 143 So. 3d at 1101. But, as the postconviction court explained, the HFO designation had no…
Previewing 3 of 4 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- State v. Hudson, 698 So. 2d 831 (Fla. 1997)
- Lett v. State, 805 So. 2d 950 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001)
- Gibson v. State, 775 So. 2d 353 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000)