CITIZENS PROPERTY INSURANCE CORP., APPELLANT,
v.
ERNESTO AND REBECCA BASCUAS, APPELLEES

Fla. 3d DCA | 2015-10-14
Nos. 3D14-1549, 3D14-2434
Before LAGOA, EMAS and FERNANDEZ, JJ.
178 So. 3d 902 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (2015) Positive Treatment
Cited by 3 cases

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Synopsis

Citizens Property Insurance appealed orders awarding attorney's fees and costs to insureds Bascuas under Florida's insurance statute. The court affirmed the award of fees to Bascuas for successfully defending against Citizens' unjust enrichment counterclaim, rejecting Citizens' argument that fraud findings should create a public policy exception to the mandatory fee statute.


Holding

The court held that attorney's fees must be awarded to Bascuas under the mandatory, non-discretionary language of § 627.428(1) because a judgment was rendered in favor of the insured on the counterclaim. No public policy exception to the statute exists for cases involving insured fraud; any such modification must come from the legislature, not the courts.


Headnotes

[1] An insured is entitled to attorney's fees under section 627.428(1), Florida Statutes, when a judgment is rendered against an insurer and in favor of the insured, even if…

[2] A trial court must award attorney's fees to an insured under section 627.428(1), Florida Statutes, when the statutory conditions are met, as the statute's language is man…

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Key Quotes

“Upon the rendition of a judgment ... against an insurer and in favor of any ... insured ... under a policy or contract executed by the insurer ... the trial court ... shall adjudge ... against the insurer and in favor of the insured .... a reasonable sum as fees”

The statutory language establishing the mandatory nature of attorney's fees awards under § 627.428(1), which the court found was satisfied by the judgment in Bascuas' favor on the counterclaim.

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Facts & Procedural History

Bascuas' home suffered water damage from broken plumbing in May 2012. Citizens paid approximately $28,000 but Bascuas claimed the total loss exceeded …

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

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Opinion of the Court
EMAS', J.

EMAS', J.

In this consolidated appeal Appellant, Citizens Property Insurance Company (“Citizens”) seeks review of two orders: (1) an order granting attorney’s fees and costs in favor of the insureds, Appellees Ernesto and Rebecca Bascuas (“Bascuas”); and (2) an order denying Citizens’ motion for costs, Because Bascuas was, entitled to attorney’s fees under the express and non-discretionary language of the statute, we affirm, the order granting fees and costs to Bascuas. We further hold (and Bascuas properly, concedes) that the trial court erred in its order denying costs to Citizens, and reverse that order.

FACTS

Bascuas was insured by Citizens in May 25,2012, when their home was damaged by water escaping from a broken plumbing system. Bascuas notified Citizens of the loss within a few days and Citizens arranged an inspection on May 31. When Citizens’ adjuster arrived, Bascuas’ driveway and interior .flooring had .been trenched and the underground plumbing system removed by Arko Plumbing Corporation (“Arko”). After taking a recorded statement from Bascuas, Citizens paid Bascuas approximately $28,000.

*903In September 2012, Bascuas filed a complaint against Citizens for breach of contract, alleging that the total amount of the loss was more than $330,000 and that 'Citizens refused to pay all covered losses. Citizens answered the complaint and asserted fraud as one of several affirmative defenses. Citizens also asserted counterclaims for fraud, fraudulent misrepresentation, fraud in the inducement, and unjust ¿nrichment, seeking recoupment of the $28,000 already ' paid' to Bascuas. Although both insureds' testified under oath that they had no plumbing problems prior to May 25, 2012 artd did not know Arko until the alleged date of loss, Citizens alleged that Arko had actually been to the Bascuas’ home prior to May 25. Citizens further' alleged that Bascuas mét with Arko the day before the reported date Of loss to discuss a staged loss.

Immediately prior to trial, Citizens dismissed those counts of its counterclaim alleging fraud, fraudulent misrepresentation, and fraud in the inducement. The case thus proceeded to trial only, on Bas-cuas’ breach of contract claim (to which Citizens pleaded an affirmative defense of fraud) and Citizens’ counterclaim for unjust enrichment.

The jury returned the following verdicts as to Bascuas’ breach of contract claim (for Citizens’ failure to pay the total loss of $330,000) and Citizens’ unjust enrichment counterclaim (fpr recoupment of the $28,000 it already paid Bascuas):

AS TO BASCUAS’ CLAIM (BREACH OF CONTRACT):

1. Did Plaintiffs prove by the greater weight of the evidence that there was an accidental loss that caused water damage to the Property?
/YES_NO
2. Did Citizens prove by the greater weight of the evidence that Plaintiffs intentionally concealed or misrepresented any material fact or circumstance and/or ihade false statements to Citizens when reporting that an alleged loss occurred on 5/25/2012?
/YES-.. — -NO

AS TO CITIZENS’ COUNTERCLAIM (UNJUST ENRICHMENT):

1. ‘ Did Citizens prove by the greater ’ weight of thé evidence that it conferred a- benefit on the Bascuases by making payment in the amount of $25,278.43 for the dwelling and $2,200 for additional living expenses and did the Bascuases knowingly accept the benefit?
/YES_NO
2. Did Citizens prove by the greater weight of the evidence that it would be unjust for the Bascuases to retain the insurance proceeds Citizens paid prior to suit being filed?
_ YES/ NO

Following the verdict, the trial court entered final judgment in favor of Citizens on Bascuas’ complaint.for breach of contract and in favor of Bascuas on Citizens’ counterclaim for unjust enrichment. Neither party appealed the final judgments; however, both parties moved to tax fees and costs. Citizens sought fees under the offer of judgment statute (section 768.79, Florida Statutes (2012)) and costs' under section 57.041, Flórida Statutes1 (2012). Bascuas sought fees under' section 627.428(1), Florida Statutes (2012) and costs under section 57.041.

The trial court granted Bascuas’ motion for attorney’s fees and costs, and denied Citizens’ motion for attorney’s fees and costs. Citizens appeals the order denying its costs1 and the order granting. Bascuas’ *904fees and-costs. Citizens did not appeal that portion of the order which denied its motion for attorney’s fees. ■

Citizens contends that, in light of the jury’s determination that Bascuas intentionally concealed or misrepresented a material fact or made a false statement when reporting the loss, the trial court erred in awarding attorney’s fees to Bascuas under section 627.428(1), because such an award is contrary to public policy.2

■ We review the issues on appeal de novo. Do v. GEICO General Ins. Co., 137 So.3d 1039 (Fla. 3d DCA 2014).

ANALYSIS

Section 627.428(1), Florida Statutes (2014) provides:

Upon the rendition of a judgment or decree by any of the courts of this state against an insurer and in favor of any named or omnibus insured ... under a policy or contract executed by, the insurer, the trial court or, in the event of an appeal in which the insured or beneficiary prevails, the appellate court shall adjudge or decree against the insurer and in favor of the insured ... a reasonable sum as fees or compensation for the insured’s or beneficiary’s attorney .prosecuting the suit in which- the recovery is had.

The basis for Bascuas’ claim of entitle-, ment to fees under section 627.428(1) is not that it was successful on its breach of contract claim, but rather that it success-, fully defended against Citizens’ counterclaim. Citizens alleged in its counterclaim that Bascuas had been unjustly enriched by keeping the $28,000 already paid on the claim. Given the jury determinations, Bascuas was entitled to its attorney’s fees under- section 627.428(1).

The plain language of section 627.428(1) and the case law applying it, supports Bas-cuas’ position: “Upon the rendition of a judgment ... against an insurer and in favor of any ... insured ... under a policy or contract executed by the insurer ... the trial court ... shall adjudge ... against the insurer and in favor of the insured .... a reasonable sum as fees 627.428(1) (emphasis added). The final order entered upon that jury determination was a judgment .against an insurer and in favor of an insured, triggering Bas-cuas’. entitlement to a reasonable attorney’s .fee in defending against Citizens’ counterclaim. The fact that Bascuas did not obtain a money judgment in its favor does not preclude their entitlement to fees. Rodriguez v. Gov’t Employees Ins. Co., 80 So.3d 1042, 1044 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011). The failure to award fees under these circumstances would have been “directly contrary to the mandatory, non-discretionary requirements of law as provided by section 627.428.... ” Ramirez v. United Auto. Ins. Co., 67 So.3d 1174, 1176 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011).

The jury determined, contrary to Citizens’ counterclaim, that Bascuas had not been unjustly enriched and that Citizens was not entitled to recoup the $28,000 it had already paid Bascuas on the claim. We do not and cannot know why the jury found Bascuas had not been unjustly enriched, but the jury nevertheless made such a determination in its verdict- interrogatory, together with its .determination (on Bascuas’ breach of contract claim) that Bascuas intentionally concealed or misrepresented a material fact or circumstance, *905or made false statements to Citizens when reporting that a loss occurred on May 25, 2012.3 Citizens contends that, notwithstanding the existence of a judgment in favor of Bascuas oh the counterclaim, the trial court erred in awarding fees to Bas-cuas under section 627.428(1) because such an award of fees is contrary to public policy, namely: (1) Florida’s public policy against material misrepresentations during the claims process; and (2) the public policy behind section 627.428, which is to discourage insurers from contesting valid claims.

This Court , has already spoken to this issue and has made clear that “we believe that modification of [section 627.428] to address false statements by an insured is best left to the legislature.” Mercury Ins, Co. of Fla. v. Cooper, 919 So.2d 491, 493 (Fla. 3d DCA 2005). Citizens seeks the very same remedy requested by the appellant in Cooper and rejected by our opinion in that case: “a judicially crafted exemption to section 627.428(1) in cases where there is insurance fraud.” Id. While Citizens’ argument may be persuasive to support a change in this area of the law (to allow for a fraud exception), we reaffirm that such a change must be effectuated legislatively, not judicially.

Regardless of what we might surmise as the reasons for the jury’s determinations, this much is clear: A judgment was entered in favor of Bascuas on Citizens’ counterclaim, satisfying the provisions of section 627.428(1) that there be a “rendition of a judgment ... against an insurer and in favor of any ... insured ... under a policy or contract executed by the insurer.... ” Bascuas was therefore entitled to attorney’s fees for the successful defense of, and favorable judgment on, Citizens’ counterclaim, and the trial court properly awarded attorney’s fees and costs to Bas-cuas.

Finally, and as Bascuas properly concedes, the trial court erred in failing to grant Citizens its costs under section 57.041 because Citizens prevailed on Bas-cuas’ breách of contract claim.4

We affirm the trial court’s order awarding attorney’s fees to Bascuas based upon the judgment rendered, in Bascuas’ favor on the unjust .enrichment counterclaim. We reverse the trial court’s .order denying Citizens’ motion for costs based on the judgment in Citizens’ favor on the breach *906of contract claim, and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.


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    …r a successful plaintiff in a PIP policy action who prevailed on appeal because the order was “directly contrary to the mandatory, non-discretionary requirements of law as provided by section 627.428”); see also Citizens Prop. Ins. Corp. v. Bascuas, 178 So. 3d 902, 904 (Fla. 3d DCA 2015) (“The final order entered ... was a judgment against an insurer and in favor of an insured, triggering [insureds’] entitlement to a reasonable attorney’s fee [under section 627.428] in defending against [insurer’s] countercla…
  • …/2024 Page 6 of 43 "Attorney's fees are ‘mandatory' for parties who fall within section 627.428(1)." Sos v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., No. 21-11769, 2023 WL 5608014, at *20 (11th Cir. Aug. 30, 2023) (citing Citizens Prop. Ins. Corp. v. Bascuas, 178 So. 3d 902, 904 (Fla. 3d DCA 2015) (quoting Ramirez v. United Auto. Ins. Co., 67 So. 3d 1174, 1175 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011))). Here, General Star insured One Sotheby's at the time General Star filed this action. Both parties agree that One Sotheby's is the prevaili…

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