JEREMY PEHLKE, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 2016-04-15
No. 2D15-2150
CRENSHAW and SALARIO, JJ., Concur.
189 So. 3d 1036 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (2016) Positive Treatment
Cited by 3 cases

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Synopsis

Jeremy Pehlke was convicted of fleeing to elude a law enforcement officer. The appellate court affirmed the conviction but reversed the nine-month sentence because the trial court committed fundamental error by considering Pehlke's lack of remorse during sentencing, which violated his due process right to maintain his position throughout the proceedings.


Holding

The trial court committed fundamental error by considering Pehlke's failure to demonstrate remorse. This violated his due process right to maintain his position at all stages of proceedings. The sentence is reversed and remanded for resentencing by a different judge, while the conviction is affirmed.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court commits fundamental error when it considers a defendant's lack of remorse in imposing a sentence.

[2] A defendant has a due process right to maintain innocence throughout legal proceedings, even when faced with evidence of guilt.

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Key Quotes

“You still don't have any remorse for what you did. When I asked you if you had anything to say, you didn't say I am sorry. You didn't say anything about the offense. I asked you twice. ... You still don't show any remorse.”

The trial court's sentencing remarks that constituted fundamental error by improperly considering defendant's lack of remorse

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Facts & Procedural History

Officers observed Pehlke speeding in a school zone and attempted a traffic stop. Pehlke accelerated and nearly struck an officer before being stopped.…

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Opinion of the Court
BADALAMENTI, Judge.

BADALAMENTI, Judge.

A jury found Jeremy Pehlke guilty of fleeing to elude a law enforcement officer with lights and sirens activated. Mr. Pehlke solely challenges his associated nine-month term of incarceration, arguing that the trial court committed fundamental error by considering his lack of remorse when imposing sentence. The State forthrightly concedes that the trial court committed fundamental error. We thus reverse the sentence and remand for resentencing by a different judge. We affirm the conviction in all other respects.

Officers testified at Mr. Pehlke’s trial that they observed him speeding in a school zone despite the presence of signs and flashing lights indicating the reduced speed limit. When they attempted to effectuate a traffic stop, Mr. Pehlke sped up and almost hit an officer before he was finally stopped. After Mr. Pehlke testified in his own defense, a jury returned a guilty verdict.

At the onset of the sentencing hearing, the trial court remarked that Mr. Pehlke “declined to say anything” when interviewed for the presentence investigation. The court then asked Mr. Pehlke if he wished to say anything before sentence was imposed. Mr. Pehlke replied, “No. I — what actually — in the presentence investigation I was not allowed to say anything. I don’t really have anything to say. I feel like it’s out of my hands. Nothing I can do.” The trial court then asked Mr. Pehlke, “Do you wish to say anything *1037about the offense in question?” Mr. Pehlke replied, “No, sir.”

The State requested a six-month term of incarceration in the Collier County Jail to be followed by a two-year term of probation. The trial court rejected the State’s recommendation. The trial court stated, “You still don’t have any remorse for what you did. When I asked you if you had anything to say, you didn’t say I am sorry. You didn’t say anything about the offense. I asked you twice. ... You still don’t show any remorse.” (Emphasis added.)

After careful review of the court’s comments prior to imposing Mr. Pehlke’s sentence, we conclude that the trial court committed fundamental error by considering Mr. Pehlke’s failure to show remorse for his actions. See Smith v. State, 62 So.3d 698, 699 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011); Brown v. State, 27 So.3d 181, 183 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010); Bracero v. State, 10 So.3d 664, 665-66 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009) (holding that it was fundamental error for a sentencing court to consider a criminal defendant’s protestations of innocence “because due process guarantees an individual the right to maintain innocence even when faced with evidence of overwhelming guilt”).

The State concedes that it was fundamental error for the sentencing court to consider Mr. Pehlke’s failure to demonstrate remorse for his actions and that the sentence must thus be reversed. See Smith, 62 So.3d at 700. Without question, the court fished for expressions of remorse from Mr. Pehlke prior to imposing sentence. Specifically, the court noted that it had asked Mr. Pehlke “twice” about whether he had anything to say about the offense and expressly commented that Mr. Pehlke remained remorseless. The trial court’s solicitation of an expression of contrition and imposition of a harsher than recommended sentence when expressions of remorse were not forthcoming lead to our conclusion that the trial judge contravened Mr. Pehlke’s due process right to maintain his innocence at all stages of the proceedings. See Bracero, 10 So.3d at 665-66. This fundamental due process error remains true “even when faced with evidence of overwhelming guilt.” Id. at 666.

Because the trial court’s fundamental error deprived Mr. Pehlke of due process, we reverse the sentence and remand for resentencing. On remand, Mr. Pehlke shall be sentenced by a different judge. We affirm the conviction in all other respects.

Affirmed in part; reversed in part; remanded with instructions.

CRENSHAW and SALARIO, JJ., Concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Davis v. State, 268 So. 3d 958 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019)
  • Postaski v. State, 203 So. 3d 967 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016)
    …staski is entitled to be resentenced by a different judge because she contends, and the record supports, that the trial court improperly considered her lack of remorse when sentencing her. The State concedes error on this issue. See Pehlke v. State, 189 So. 3d 1036, 1037 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016) (holding that “the trial court committed fundamental error by considering [the defendant’s] failure to show remorse for his actions” and reversing for resentenc-ing before a different judge); Williams v. State, 164 So. 3d 73…

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