INFINITI EMPLOYMENT SOLUTIONS, INC., ETC., APPELLANT,
v.
MS LIQUIDATORS OF ARIZONA, LLC, ETC., APPELLEE

Fla. 5th DCA | 2016-11-04
No. 5D14-583
COHEN and LAMBERT, JJ„ concur.
204 So. 3d 550 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (2016) Positive Treatment
Cited by 6 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Infiniti Employment Solutions appealed the trial court's denial of its motions for attorney's fees and delay damages under section 57.105, Florida Statutes. The court reversed, finding that the trial court applied an outdated standard for evaluating frivolous defenses and that the defendant's affirmative defenses were unsupported by material facts or law.


Holding

The court reversed the trial court's denial of attorney's fees and delay damages, finding that the trial court applied the pre-1999 version of section 57.105 rather than the current statute. Under the current version, attorney's fees are warranted when a party knows or should know a defense lacks material fact support or cannot withstand application of existing law. The court remanded for the trial court to determine when each defense became unsupported and to award appropriate fees.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court's denial of attorney's fees under section 57.105, Florida Statutes, is reviewed for an abuse of discretion, but interpretations of law are reviewed de novo.

[2] The current version of section 57.105, Florida Statutes, authorizes attorney's fees if a party or counsel knew or should have known that a claim or defense was not suppor…

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Key Quotes

“The current version [of section 57.105, Florida Statutes], however, now authorizes an award of fees if a party or its counsel knew or should have known that any claim or defense asserted 'was not supported by material facts,' or 'would not be supported by the application of then existing law to those material facts.'”

Establishes the correct legal standard under current section 57.105 that the trial court failed to apply

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Facts & Procedural History

Infiniti contracted with MS Liquidators to recruit and screen temporary employees for a fee. After Infiniti sent nine invoices for $16,828 in services…

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Opinion of the Court
LEMONIDIS, R., Associate. Judge.

LEMONIDIS, R., Associate. Judge.

Infiniti Employment Solutions, Inc., (“Infiniti”) appeals a final judgment which, in part, denied its two motions for attorney’s .fees .and delay damages filed pursuant to section 57.105, Florida Statutes (2013). For the following reasons, we conclude that the trial court applied the wrong standard in considering and denying attorney’s fees and delay damages to Infiniti, and therefore, we reverse.

Appellee,. MS Liquidators of Arizona, LLC (“MS Liquidators”), contracted with Infiniti where, for a fee, Infiniti would interview, screen, ánd hire temporary employees to work at MS Liquidators’ stores and warehouses. ■ Once Infiniti performed under the contract and sent an employee to work at an MS Liquidators store, it would send MS Liquidators an invoice for its services. Despite receiving nine separate invoices from Infiniti, all without ob*552jection, MS Liquidators failed to pay the accrued balance due of $16,828. Infiniti thereafter filed suit against MS Liquidators to collect on this debt, asserting causes of action for breach of contract, account stated, open account, and quantum meruit/unjust enrichment.

In its answer, MS Liquidators raised several affirmative defenses, including that the contract between the parties was unenforceable due to the absence of essential terms and for a lack of consideration. MS Liquidators also asserted that it was entitled to a setoff against any damages that it potentially owed to Infiniti. After conducting discovery, Infiniti served a motion for attorney’s fees and delay damages pursuant to section 57.105, Florida Statutes (2013), alleging, among other things, that the affirmative defenses of lack of consideration and lack of essential terms in the contract were both factually and legally unsupportable. Several months later, In-finiti served a second motion for attorney’s fees and delay damages pursuant to section 57.105. In this later motion, Infiniti asserted that the setoff affirmative defense was not supported by the material facts in the case or the present law applicable to the facts. In each motion, Infiniti sought attorney’s fees not only against MS Liquidators but also from its attorneys and from Mr. Morrie Sherman (“Sherman”) individually, as the owner of MS Liquidators. Infiniti also sought delay damages based on section 57.105(2), which provides for sanctions against parties and counsel who interpose frivolous defenses or pursue litigation for the purpose of unreasonable delay. Bionetics Corp. v. Kenniasty, 69 So.3d 943, 944 (Fla.2011).1

After two years of litigation, on the morning of the scheduled trial, MS Liquidators consented to entry of a judgment for the $16,828 debt, plus attorney’s fees. Following the entry of this judgment, In-finiti filed a motion that essentially sought to enforce or recover on its earlier motions for section 57.105 attorney’s fees and delay damages.

At the hearing held on Infiniti’s motion, the trial court “reluctantly” denied the motion in its entirety based upon its determination that MS Liquidators’ one affirmative defense, that the contract was unenforceable due to its lack of essential terms, was not “entirely baseless.” Although the trial court made no written findings in its final judgment for the deni*553al, in its oral ruling, the court made the following findings and observations:

I didn’t necessarily find that defense [essential terms] as being entirely without merit. I think thoughtful arguments were raised. You [Infiniti’s attorney] happened to carry the day on the performance issue. So I don’t think I would find there is a 57.105 issue. I don’t know what a party is supposed to do if they think I’m wrong on that other than to go to trial and appeal me.
I think I would agree that I saw absolutely no evidence from the get-go that there was any setoff here, certainly after some initial discovery was done and it was pointed out that they weren’t claiming damages for payments already made. We talked about that at a hearing.
And I think once that was cleared up, yeah, the defense probably ought to have been withdrawn. I think failure of consideration was one, but if at least one of these defenses, though, I think had merit, how do we parse that out and why shouldn’t they be able to avail the right to appeal me if I was wrong?
So I’m not sure I can award fees under 57.105 because at least one of these— you know, I can say to this side of the table, and I know you guys have a client, which is the defendant, to answer to, but this is not the way.
This is a model of unprofessionalism over a $16,000 claim that he capitulates to on the last day, and you are hanging your hat on a thread of one defense that I say has some merit. It really was an enormous waste of legal and judicial resources to do this, you know.
Frankly, it’s shameful, but I also can’t criticize you for raising an issue of lack of essential terms ... but for the life of me, :Mr. Sherman needs to understand this is not the way he’s to use the court.

A trial court’s order denying a request for attorney’s fees pursuant to section 57.105 is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. See Ferere v. Shure, 65 So.3d 1141, 1144 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011) (citation omitted). “However, to the extent a trial court’s order on attorney’s fees is based on its interpretation of the law,” an appellate court employs the de novo standard of review. Id. (citation omitted). We find that the court erred in denying Infiniti’s motions for attorney’s fees and delay damages because it is evident that the trial court analyzed and ruled on the motions based on the standard applicable to the pre-1999 version of section 57.105, Florida Statutes, and not the present version of the statute.

Prior to 1999, section 57.105 authorized an award of attorney’s fees only when there was a complete absence of a justicia-ble issue of either law or fact raised by the losing party. Mullins v. Kennelly, 847 So.2d 1151, 1154 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003) (citing § 57.105, Fla. Stat. (1997) (additional citation omitted)). “The statute was amended in 1999 as part of the 1999 Tort Reform Act ‘to reduce frivolous litigation and thereby to decrease the cost imposed on the civil justice system by broadening the remedies that were previously available’ — ” Bionetics Corp., 69 So.3d at 947 (quoting Yakavonis v. Dolphin Petroleum, Inc., 934 So.2d 615, 619 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006)). “The current version [of section 57.105, Florida Statutes], however, now authorizes an award of fees if a party or its counsel knew or should have known that any claim or defense asserted ‘was not supported by material facts,’ or ‘would not be supported by the application of then existing law to those material facts.’” Airtran Airways, Inc. v. Avaero Noise Reduction Joint Venture, 858 So.2d 1232, *5541233 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003). Here, the trial court should have separately evaluated each of the three affirmative defenses and determined at what point “defense activities became unsupported.” Id.

At the hearing held on attorney’s fees and delay damages, Infiniti presented evidence that during Sherman’s deposition, as the owner and designated corporate representative of MS Liquidators, taken before Infiniti filed its first section 57-105 motion, Sherman could not describe or provide any evidence to support the pleaded setoff affirmative defense.2 Furthermore, although MS Liquidators raised the defenses of lack of consideration and lack of essential terms to the enforceability of the contract, it filed a joint pretrial statement 'With the court in which it stipulated that the parties executed a valid, binding contract. Thus, it is clear that at some point before trial, MS Liquidators recognized that its setoff affirmative defense and its two affirmative defenses to the enforceability of the contract were not supported by material facts or the application of the then-existing law to the material facts. Additionally, Infiniti had provided MS Liquidators with the twenty-one-day window described in section 57.105(4), Florida Statutes (2013), to withdraw ■ or correct these three affirmative defenses and thus avoid the possibility of sanctions under this statute, but MS Liquidators took nb action to remedy or withdraw these defenses.

We conclude that, under these circumstances, the trial court erred in its analysis and denial of Infiniti’s motions for attorney’s fees and delay damages. Ordinarily, we would remand this case to the trial court to allow it to evaluate Infiniti’s motions under the current version of the statute. However, based upon the trial court’s previously described oral pronouncements at the conclusion of the hearing, together with our review of the record, we find that further evaluation by the trial court is unnecessary and that awards of attorney’s fees and delay damages under this statute, if the latter can be sufficiently established, are warranted. We therefore direct the trial court to hold a hearing for the purposes of determining when MS Liquidators’ three affirmative defenses became unsupported by the material facts or the application of then-existing law to those material facts and to award attorney’s fees incm-red by Infiniti in litigating these defenses. See Airtran Airways, Inc., 858 So.2d at 1233; see also Wagner v. Uthoff, 868 So.2d 617, 619 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004).

At this hearing, the trial court shall also provide Infiniti the opportunity to prove, if it can, the amount of its delay damages over and above the attorney’s fees-it sustained as a result of MS Liquidators’ assertion of these three baseless affirmative defenses. See Korte v. U.S. Bank Nat’l Ass’n, 64 So.3d 134, 139 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011) (affirming award of attorney’s fees and costs and delay damages pursuant to section 57.105). The trial court is also directed to consider whether to assess attorney’s fees and delay damages against Sherman individually, if appropriate.3 See Zweibach v. Gordimer, 884 So.2d 244, 248 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004) (holding that, for purposes “of assessing fees pursuant to section 57.105, the term ‘party' is subject to an expanded definition” to include “not only those whose names appear upon the record, but all others who participate in *555the litigation by employing counsel, or by contributing towards the expenses thereof, or who, in any manner, have such control thereof as to be entitled to direct the course of [the] proceedings” (alteration in original) (quoting Lage v. Blanco, 521 So.2d 299, 300 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988))).

Lastly, we note that in the final judgment under review, the trial court did award Infiniti the “full amount” of $27,179.25 for its attorney’s fees against MS Liquidators based upon the provision in the parties’ contract that permitted an award of attorney’s fees to the prevailing party in the litigation. As such, we reverse the final judgment only to the extent that it denied Infiniti’s claim for attorney’s fees under section 57.105 and remand for the trial court to determine, consistent with the statute, what amount of these previously awarded attorney’s fees are to 'he assessed against attorneys Brown and Smothers, and potentially assessed against Sherman as indicated above.

REVERSED and REMANDED, with directions.

COHEN and LAMBERT, JJ„ concur.


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  • …ounsel, in some form, is necessary to prove the legal work which was performed. As the error alleged by CED is based upon the trial court’s interpretation of law, our review is de novo. Infiniti Emp’t Sols., Inc. v. MS Liquidators of Ariz., LLC, 204 So. 3d 550, 553 (Fla. 5th DCA 2016) (quoting Ferere v. Shure, 65 So. 3d 1141, 1144 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011)). Analysis The parties’ arguments on appeal mirror the disagreement among Florida’s appellate courts regarding the need for testimony from the attorney who p…
  • Torruella v. Nationstar Mortg., LLC, 308 So. 3d 674 (Fla. 5th DCA 2020)
    …ased on its interpretation of the law,’ an appellate court employs the de novo standard of review.” Moore v. Estate of Albee by Benzenhafer, 239 So. 3d 192, 194 (Fla. 5th DCA 2018) (quoting Infiniti Emp’t Sols., Inc. v. MS Liquidators of Ariz., LLC, 204 So. 3d 550, 553 (Fla. 5th DCA 2016)). In Florida, the prevailing party is the party who succeeds “on any significant issue in litigation which achieves some of the benefit the parties sought in bringing suit.” Moritz 2 Paragraph 7(E) of the note states in rel…
  • Moore v. Est. OF Flaire Mae Albee, 239 So. 3d 192 (Fla. 5th DCA 2018)
    …or law to be completely untenable." This appeal followed. "A trial court's order denying a request for attorney's fees pursuant to section 57.105 is reviewed for an abuse of discretion." Infiniti Emp't Sols., Inc. v. MS Liquidators of Ariz., LLC , 204 So. 3d 550, 553 (Fla. 5th DCA 2016) (citing Ferere v. Shure , 65 So. 3d 1141, 1144 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011) ). " 'However, to the extent a trial court's order on attorney's fees is based on its interpretation of the law,' an appellate court employs the de novo stan…

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