WILLIAM JUNIOR BARBER, PETITIONER,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, RESPONDENT

Fla. 1st DCA | 2016-06-30
No. 1D16-2063
ROWE, MAKAR, and BILBREY, JJ., concur.
207 So. 3d 910 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (2016) Positive Treatment
Cited by 1 case

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Synopsis

William Junior Barber sought review of a trial court's denial of his motion to dismiss an involuntary civil commitment petition filed under Florida's Jimmy Ryce Act. Barber argued he was not in lawful custody when transferred to a civil commitment facility because his sentence had expired. The appellate court affirmed the denial, holding that Barber's transfer occurred on the same day his sentence was imposed, before midnight expiration, and that the statutory procedures were followed.


Holding

The court held that Barber's transfer was lawful and the commitment petition was valid and timely. Barber was in lawful custody because his sentence had not expired—it expires at midnight on the sentence date, and his transfer occurred the same day the sentence was imposed, before midnight. The petition complied with section 394.9135(1)(a) because Barber's anticipated release became immediate and he was transferred upon immediate release. The statutory time requirements were met, with the multidisciplinary team's assessment filed Monday, September 15, within 72 hours, and the petition filed Tuesday, September 16, within 48 hours thereafter.


Headnotes

[1] A criminal act can be considered a "sexually violent offense" under the Jimmy Ryce Act if it is subsequently determined beyond a reasonable doubt to have been sexually mo…

[2] The Jimmy Ryce Act's procedural timelines for initiating civil commitment proceedings apply when a person's release from total confinement becomes immediate due to a time…

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Key Quotes

“If the anticipated release from total confinement of a person who has been convicted of a sexually violent offense becomes immediate for any reason, the agency with jurisdiction shall upon immediate release from total confinement transfer that person to the custody of the department to be held in an appropriate secure facility.”

Establishes the statutory authority for Barber's transfer under section 394.9135(1)(a), which applies to immediate releases such as time-served sentences.

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Facts & Procedural History

In May 2013, Barber was arrested for kidnapping and sexual battery of a homeless woman. Over a year later, he pleaded guilty to felony battery instead…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

William Junior Barber seeks review of the trial court’s order denying his motion to dismiss an involuntary civil commitment petition filed against him under the Jimmy Ryce Act. §§ 394.910-932, Fla. Stat. He claims that he was not in lawful custody at the time the commitment process was initiated, rendering the petition untimely and compelling his immediate release. We disagree, and deny the petition.

In May 2013, Barber was arrested and charged with one count each of kidnapping and sexual battery. The arrest report stated that Barber approached the victim, a homeless woman, and dragged her into an alcove behind a building, where he forced her to perform oral sex on him. Over a year later, pursuant to a negotiated plea, the kidnapping charge was dropped and Barber entered a guilty plea to the lesser offense of felony battery in lieu of sexual battery.

At the sentencing hearing, held on Thursday, September 11, 2014, the trial court accepted Barber’s plea and sentenced him to 493 days’ imprisonment with 493 days’ credit for time served. At sentencing, the trial court advised Barber that he could be subject to involuntary civil commitment under the Jimmy Ryce Act as a result of his plea, and Barber indicated that he understood. Defense counsel noted that Barber understood the possibility that he might remain in confinement for several days while being processed out.

The hearing concluded at 10:23 a.m., and within a matter of hours, at 3:53 p.m., the Florida Department of Children and Families (“DCF”) notified the State Attorney, the Florida Department of Corrections, and the Florida Civil Commitment Center (“Center”) that because Barber may qualify for involuntary commitment under the Jimmy Ryce Act, DCF was issuing a de-tainer against him. See § 394.9135(1), Fla. Stat. At approximately 9:35 p.m., Barber was transferred from the Duval County Jail and transported to the Center.

On Monday, September 15, 2014, the DCF’s Multidisciplinary Team submitted its written assessment and recommendation to the State Attorney, finding that Barber met the definition of a sexual predator under the Act. See § 394.9135(2), Fla. Stat. The next day, September 16, 2014, at 11:06 a.m., the State Attorney filed a petition with the circuit court, alleging Barber to be a sexually violent predator. Id. § 394.9135(3).1

*912Almost six months later, on March 6, 2015, Barber moved to dismiss the state’s petition, which the trial court denied on April 20, 2015. Rehearing was denied on July 15, 2015. Nine months later, Barber’s “Emergency Petition for Writ of Prohibition” was filed in this Court on May 9, 2016.

Barber raises three issues. First, he asserts the State’s civil commitment petition failed to meet the prerequisites for declaring him a sexually violent predator. Second, he claims that the State’s petition was untimely. Finally, he argues that at the time of his transfer to the Center, he was not in “lawful custody” and that he is therefore entitled to immediate release under Reed v. State, 159 So.3d 845 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014) (certifying a question of great public importance), rev. granted, 160 So.3d 898 (Fla.2014), rev. dismissed, 161 So.3d 397 (Fla.2015). As to this latter point, he asserts that his sentence (for time served) immediately expired at the conclusion of the sentencing hearing, and from that moment onward, his custody was unlawful, precluding the State from initiating a Jimmy Ryce Act proceeding against him.2

As to the first issue, we conclude that the State’s petition complied with the requirements of section 394.9135(l)(a), Florida Statutes. As the State concedes, this section provides the only statutory grant of authority that could apply to Barber’s situation, thereby rendering compliance with other subsections (394.9135(l)(b), 394.9125(1), and 394.9125(2)) immaterial. Subsection (l)(a) states:

If the anticipated release from total confinement of a person who has been convicted of a sexually violent offense becomes immediate for any reason, the agency with jurisdiction shall upon immediate release from total confinement transfer that person to the custody of the department to be held in an appropriate secure facility.

§ 394.9135(l)(a), Fla. Stat. (2014). This subsection applies because Barber’s anticipated release from total confinement became “immediate” due to the imposition of the time served sentence; and he was transferred “upon immediate release” to DCF’s custody.

Barber asserts, however, that subsection (l)(a) cannot apply because his conviction for felony battery was not a “sexually violent offense,” which the statute seemingly requires. But a review of the applicable definition of “sexually violent offense” undermines this argument. That definition says that a “sexually violent offense” is “[a]ny criminal act that, either at the time of sentencing for the offense or subsequently during civil commitment proceedings under this part, has been determined beyond a reasonable doubt to have been sexually motivated.” § 394.912(9)(h), Fla. Stat. (2014) (emphasis added). The italicized language reflects that for purposes of the Jimmy Ryce Act a “sexually violent offense” includes any criminal act (including Barber’s felony battery conviction) that is “subsequently” determined to be proven “beyond a reasonable doubt to have been sexually motivated.”3 Here, the State’s petition alleges that Barber has at least *913two convictions of felony battery in his criminal history, supported by factual assertions that they were sexually motivated. In addition, the Multidisciplinary Team’s report alleges two other criminal convictions with allegations of sexual motivations, for a total of four convictions for crimes with apparent sexual motivations.4 We conclude that the State’s petition is facially valid under the authority of section 394.9135(l)(a).

As to the second issue, Barber argues that the State’s petition was untimely (by less than an hour) because it was not filed within the 120-hour time limit in section 394.9125(4)(a), Florida Statutes. But section 394.9125 does not apply. Instead, section 394.9135 applies with its own, distinct time table (with rounding-up provisions) for the Multidisciplinary Team to provide its written assessment/recommendation (72 hours)5 and for the State Attorney thereafter to file a petition (48 hours).6 Here, Barber was transferred on Thursday, September 11, 2014, resulting in the 72-hour period ending on a weekend, Sunday, September 14, 2014. Accordingly, the Multidisciplinary Team’s assessment/recommendation had to be filed “within the next working day,” which was Monday, September 15, 2014. The completed assessment/recommendation was filed on that Monday morning.7 The State Attorney had 48 hours from the receipt of the assessmenVrecommendation to file a petition. Its petition, filed at 11:06 a.m. on Tuesday, September 16, 2014, was not only timely, but a day early.

Finally, Barber argues he was not in lawful custody at the time of his transfer to the Center, and was therefore not “totally confined” as contemplated by subsection 394.9135(l)(a). Like the petitioner in Reed, Barber asserts that he is entitled to immediate release. Unlike Reed, which involved a situation where an inmate was not transferred until the day after his sentence had ended, the proceedings against Barber were initiated the same day that his incarceration would have otherwise ended. In Reed, this Court held that the trial court lacked jurisdiction because Reed’s sentence had expired the day prior to his transfer; as such, he was not in “lawful custody.” As noted in Reed, our supreme court in State v. Phillips, 119 So.3d 1233, 1236-37 (Fla.2013), held that “lawful custody under section 394.9135(1) *914requires the State to initiate commitment proceedings prior to the expiration of sentence date.” (Emphasis added). Because Barber’s transfer took place on the same day that he was sentenced, his sentence date had not yet expired. Indeed, Florida Administrative Code Rule 33-603.412, provides that a “sentence expires at midnight, but release may be granted at any hour on such release date.” Barber was not granted release before midnight; instead, the record reflects that Barber did not object to remaining incarcerated for a few more days and understood that commitment proceedings would probably be initiated against him. To accept Barber’s argument, that he was no longer in lawful custody after the sentencing hearing concluded at 10:23 a.m., would render section 394.9135 irrelevant, which was specifically written to provide transfer authority in situations where an “immediate” release occurs, such as Barber’s time-served sentence. Finding no basis for relief, we deny Barber’s petition.

PETITION DENIED.

ROWE, MAKAR, and BILBREY, JJ., concur.


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