Y.R., A JUVENILE, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 2017-08-23
No. 3D16-1935
Before ROTHENBERG, C.J., and SALTER and LOGUE, JJ.-
226 So. 3d 1008 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (2017) Positive Treatment
Cited by 4 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

A 15-year-old was adjudicated delinquent of first-degree petit theft for stealing an iPad valued between $100-$300. The court reversed because the state failed to prove the iPad's value as required by Florida theft statutes, which demand either market value at the time of offense or reasonable replacement cost, with evidence of depreciation and obsolescence for electronics.


Holding

The evidence was insufficient to establish the iPad's value. Because neither market value at the time and place of the offense nor reasonable replacement cost was proven, and no evidence addressed depreciation or obsolescence of electronics, the adjudication of first-degree petit theft must be reversed and remanded for adjudication of second-degree petit theft.


Headnotes

[1] The state bears the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that the value of stolen property meets the threshold for grand theft.

[2] Evidence of the original purchase price of an item, without further proof of depreciation or market value at the time of theft, may be insufficient to establish grand the…

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Key Quotes

“the market value of the property at the time and place of the offense or, if such cannot be satisfactorily ascertained, the cost of replacement of the property within a reasonable time after the offense”

Establishes the statutory definition of 'value' in Florida theft cases under section 812.012(10)(a)1

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Facts & Procedural History

Y.R., a high school student, stole an iPad from his school in January 2016. GPS software located the device in Y.R.'s apartment building, and the scho…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Y.R. was a fifteen-year-old high school student when he was charged with the theft of an iPad from his school in January 2016.1 Global positioning- software in the *1009device located it in Y.R.’s apartment building, and the high school then determined that no other students lived in that building. Ultimately, Y.R. was charged with grand theft of the iPad and adjudicated delinquent of first-degree petit theft under section 812.014(2)(e), Florida Statutes (2016), applicable when “the property stolen is valued at $100 or more, but less than $300.”

The issue on appeal challenges the sufficiency of the evidence of proof of “value” as defined in section 812.012(10)(a)1., Florida Statutes (2016): “the market value of the property at the time and place of the offense or, if such cannot be satisfactorily ascertained, the cost of replacement of the property within a reasonable time after the offense.” Section 812.012(10)(b) addresses the circumstance in which “the value of property cannot be ascertained,” authorizing the trier of fact to find the value to be “not less than a certain amount,” or, “if no such minimum value can be ascertained, the value is an amount less than $100.”

The proof regarding the value of the iPad introduced at the adjudicatory hearing did not establish its value as of the time and place of the offense. That proof also fell short of establishing the cost of the replacement for that type of iPad within a reasonable time after the offense. The teacher who provided the iPad to Y.R. for use at the school on the day it went missing testified that she received it about four months before that day, but she did not know when the school district purchased the device. She didn’t know how much the iPad cost, and she said it had been used continuously (except for the holiday break) during the four months it had been used in her classroom. Neither she nor the school vice principal at the time could identify the model type, storage capacity, or other features of the stolen iPad. The vice principal testified—though his testimony was shown to have been based on a conversation with another school employee rather than personal knowledge—that it would cost $599 to purchase a new iPad.

No witness testified as to depreciation, obsolescence by virtue of the release of a newer iPad model,2 or bid-asked-sold data in the internet marketplace for a comparable and comparably-used iPad. While this may seem an onerous burden, there can be no doubt that proof of “value” as defined in section 812.012(10) is determinative in classifying the level of the offense.

Here, as in Contes v. State, 190 So.3d 198, 199 (Fla. 3d DCA 2016), “[because the evidence failed to establish the fair market value of the property at the time of the offense, [the defendant] can be convicted only of second-degree petit theft, a second-degree misdemeanor.” We thus remand this case to the trial court to vacate the charge and adjudication of delinquency in count I of the petition of first-degree petit theft and to enter an adjudication of second-degree petit theft. The court should then conduct a disposition hearing on that, adjudication, at which Y.R. has a right to be present.

Reversed and remanded with instructions.


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Citator

Cited By

  • D.J.S. v. State, 242 So. 3d 448 (Fla. 2d DCA 2018)
  • C.S. v. State (Fla. 3d DCA 2020)
    …celerated obsolescence because manufacturers are constantly releasing new, improved technology at lower prices. For this reason, purchase price alone is generally insufficient to establish the value of such property in theft cases.” Y.R. v. State, 226 So. 3d 1008, 1009 n.2 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017) (quoting Lucky v. State, 25 So. 3d 691, 692 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010)). Nonetheless, “[v]alue may be established by direct testimony of fair market value or through evidence of the original market cost of the property, the man…

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