THOMAS BENJAMIN BROWN, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE.

Fla. 1st DCA | 2019-02-15
No. 1D18-0518
264 So. 3d 1097 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (2019) Positive Treatment
Cited by 1 case

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Thomas Benjamin Brown appeals the denial of his Rule 3.850 postconviction relief motion, challenging his probation revocation on grounds that his civil commitment to a secure facility was illegal, violated double jeopardy, and resulted in ineffective assistance of counsel. The court affirms, holding that civil commitment of sexual predators is non-punitive and does not violate the terms of a plea agreement or double jeoparty protections.


Holding

The court held that involuntary civil commitment of sexual predators is a non-punitive civil proceeding, not a criminal sentence, and therefore does not violate a plea agreement, does not constitute an improper enhancement of a sentence, and does not violate double jeoparty protections. The court further held that probation commences immediately upon release from incarceration, even if to a civil commitment facility, so the trial court had jurisdiction to revoke Brown's probation.


Headnotes

[1] Involuntary civil commitment for sexual predators is not a punishment, and therefore, a plea agreement for incarceration followed by probation is not violated by such com…

[2] Civil commitment of sexual predators does not violate double jeopardy principles as it is a civil proceeding, not a criminal sentence or punishment.

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Key Quotes

“The supreme court has held that involuntary commitment for sexual predators is a civil commitment, not a punishment.”

Establishes the foundational principle that civil commitment is not criminal punishment and therefore does not violate sentencing or double jeopardy protections.

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Facts & Procedural History

Brown pleaded guilty to sexual battery in 2002 and was sentenced to seven years in prison followed by five years on sex offender probation. In 2009, u…

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Opinion of the Court
Per Curiam.

Per Curiam.

Thomas Benjamin Brown ("Brown") appeals the denial of his Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.850 motion for postconviction relief. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.

In 2002, following a negotiated plea, Brown was convicted of sexual battery and sentenced to seven years in prison, to be followed by five years on sex offender probation. In 2013, he admitted violating his probation and was sentenced to twenty-five years in prison, to be followed by five years on probation, which this Court affirmed in a prior appeal. Brown now files the instant appeal after raising three claims in a postconviction motion.

All claims raised by Brown relate to the fact that when he was released from prison in 2009 to start his probation, he was transferred to the Florida Civil Commitment Center, a secure facility under the jurisdiction of the Department of Children and Families. He alleges he never agreed to that "enhancement" of his probationary sentence. In ground one, he alleges the trial court lacked jurisdiction to revoke his probation because his placement in the secure Civil Commitment Center was illegal. In ground two, he argues his placement in the civil commitment center violated his double jeopardy rights because it constitutes an "enhancement" of his probationary term after it was imposed. In ground three, Brown alleges counsel was ineffective for failing to raise those issues and for allowing him to enter a plea to violating his probation when his probation *1099had not yet begun (as he remained confined).

The supreme court has held that involuntary commitment for sexual predators is a civil commitment, not a punishment. See State v. Harris , 881 So.2d 1079, 1083 (Fla. 2004). As such, a plea agreement for incarceration followed by probation is not violated when a defendant is civilly committed after his release from incarceration. Id. The supreme court specifically rejected the argument raised by Brown that by civilly committing him, the State was adding a term to probation (i.e., requiring him to complete "residential" sex offender treatment). Id. Additionally, because the involuntary commitment of sexual predators is a civil proceeding, not a criminal sentence or punishment, the appellant's civil commitment does not violate double jeopardy as it does not represent an improper increase in his sentence after it has been imposed. See Westerheide v. State , 831 So.2d 93, 99-104 (Fla. 2002). Finally, contrary to his assertions, Brown was on probation while in the secure facility. This Court has noted, "a period of probation shall commence immediately upon the release of the defendant from incarceration." Walker v. State , 604 So.2d 913, 914 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992) (internal quotation and citation omitted). Because the civil commitment is not a sentence or incarceration, his probation started immediately upon the expiration of his seven-year incarcerative sentence and his transfer to the civil commitment facility.

The conclusion that probation starts as soon as a defendant is released to a civil commitment is further supported by section 948.012(6), Florida Statutes. In 2014, the subsection was amended to indicate probation or supervision was to be tolled while a defendant was civilly committed. That section is effective for defendants whose "sentences of probation or community control begin[s] on or after October 1, 2014." § 947-012(6), Fla. Stat. (2014). Here, Brown began his probation in 2009. Thus, prior to 2014, defendants were on probation as soon as they were released to civil commitment under the jurisdiction of the Department of Children and Families. Accordingly, the trial court had jurisdiction to revoke his probation.

AFFIRMED .

B.L. Thomas, C.J., and M.K. Thomas, J., concur;

Rowe, J., concurs in result only.


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Citator

Cited By

  • …iled a request for a written opinion, Resp. Ex. I, which the First DCA granted, Resp. Ex. J. On February 15, 2019, the First DCA issued a written opinion affirming the denial of Petitioner’s Rule 3.850 motions. Resp. Ex. K; see also Brown v. State, 264 So. 3d 1097, 1098-99 (Fla. 1st DCA 2019). Petitioner then filed the instant Petition. IV. Analysis A. Ground One Petitioner titled this ground “Ineffective Counsel” and states: “Attorney failed to challenge the validity of the probation. Attorney failed to pr…
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