GUY REVELL, INDIVIDUALLY AND D/B/A REVELL: MOTOR COMPANY, APPELLANT,
v.
ROYAL CARRAWAY, APPELLEE
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This appeal concerns whether evidence at trial sufficiently established gross negligence under Florida's Guest Statute. The Florida Supreme Court had previously defined gross negligence as conduct a reasonable person would know would probably result in injury, and on remand, the trial court found the defendant guilty of gross negligence when his vehicle's bald tire blew out at 50 mph in a 45 mph zone, causing a fatal crash.
The trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding that gross negligence was established by a preponderance of the evidence. The defendant's operation of a vehicle with a bald, worn tire at an excessive speed constituted gross negligence under the Supreme Court's definition, proximately causing the plaintiff's son's death.
“that course of conduct which a reasonable and prudent man would know would probably and most likely result in injury to persons or property”
The Florida Supreme Court's definition of gross negligence under the Guest Statute, which becomes the controlling legal standard for this case.
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In this appeal by the defendant below from a final judgment entered for the plaintiff by the Circuit Court for Leon County the sole question before us is whether the evidence adduced at the trial was sufficient to establish gross negligence under the Florida Guest Statute as defined by the Supreme Court of Florida in a previous appeal of this case (Carraway v. Revell, Fla.1959, 116 So.2d 16).
The earlier appeal was filed by the plaintiff from a judgment for the defendant based upon the same evidence, and this court affirmed the judgment, holding that the definition of gross negligence applied by the trial court was correct under the ruling cases (Carraway v. Revell, Fla.App.1959, 112 So.2d 71). On motion of the plaintiff, we certified this question to the Supreme Court of Florida as a question of great public interest, as provided for by our Constitution, art. 5, § 4, F.S.A. (Carraway v. Revell, Fla.App.1959, 112 So.2d 75). The Supreme Court then rendered an opinion in which it held that gross negligence under the Florida Guest Statute (F.S.A. § 320.59) is “that course of conduct which a reasonable and prudent man would know would probably and most likely result in injury to persons or property.” [116 So.2d 22] The Supreme Court remanded the cause to this court for further proceedings and we accordingly entered an order reversing the judgment appealed from and remanded the cause with directions that, upon reconsideration in accordance with the principles set forth in the opinion of the Supreme Court of Florida, the trial court enter its final judgment (Carraway v. Revell, Fla.App.1959, 123 So.2d 400).
On remand the trial court, which had tried the case without a jury, reconsidered *876the evidence in the light of the opinion of the Supreme Court of Florida, especially the above-quoted definition, and endeavored to apply that standard to the facts it found from the evidence. The court properly found from the evidence that the plaintiff’s son was fatally injured while riding as a passenger in the defendant’s automobile driven by one Cone with the defendant’s knowledge and consent on a public highway north of the city of Tallahassee when a sudden blowout of the right front tire occurred, causing the driver to lose control ■of the automobile so that it left the highway and traveled a distance of about 170 feet and struck a tree or trees; that the tire which blew out was smooth, had no tread, and the rubber had worn down to a very thin layer over the fabric of the tire; that at the time of the blowout the vehicle was being operated at a speed of approximately SO miles an hour on a hard-surfaced road which curved slightly to the left; that at the place of the accident the State Road Department had posted a sign designating the area as a 45 mile per hour zone; that the driver had notice of the said condition of the tire and that he should have known that there was much more than just a possibility that the tire would blow out and knew or should have known that if it did suddenly blow out at a speed of 50 miles an hour he would not have power to control the automobile and that someone was almost certain to get hurt. The court then concluded from the facts so found that it had been established by a preponderance of the evidence that the driver of the defendant’s vehicle was guilty of gross negligence which proximately caused the death of the plaintiff’s son.
Upon our study of the record in this case and the history of this case, we cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion in finding and concluding as it did when it applied the definition of gross negligence set forth in the Supreme Court’s decision, which is “the law of the case” here. The trial court, properly trying the case without a jury, was both a trier of the facts and a judge of the law, and so we do not have before us the usual question as to whether a judge has trespassed upon the province of a jury as a trier of the facts. We think that the court clearly had the right and discretion to find from the evidence that gross negligence on the part of the defendant was proven under the definition laid down by the Supreme Court.
We, therefore, hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in entering the final judgment appealed from, and the judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.
WIGGINTON, Chief Judge, and STUR-GIS and CARROLL, DONALD, JJ., concur.
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Webster v. Kreis Kemp, 164 So. 2d 814 (Fla. 1964)…olved by the trier of the facts, rather than by the Court as a matter of law. The facts which were before us in Carraway v. Revell, supra, are reflected in the opinion of the District Court of Appeal, First District in Revell v. Carraway, Fla.App., 124 So. 2d 874, after remand and subsequent reconsideration by the trial judge. The essential facts were that the injury occurred when the automobile was being driven at a speed of fifty miles an hour in a 45 mile zone, and it capsized because of a tire blow-out.…1 / 2
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Hoisington v. Kulchin, 172 So. 2d 586 (Fla. 1965)…. McMillan (Fla.1942), 10 So. 2d 565; Cadore v. Karp (Fla.1957), 91 So. 2d 806; Welch v. Moothart (Fla.1956), 89 So. 2d 485; Webster v. Kemp (Fla.1964), 164 So. 2d 814; Carraway v. Revell (Fla.1959), 116 So. 2d 16; Revell v. Carraway (Fla.App.1960), 124 So. 2d 874; Smart v. Masker (Fla.App.1959), 113 So. 2d 414; Mazak v. Rowe (Fla.App.1959), 112 So. 2d 57. Probable jurisdiction having been made to appear on the theory of “direct conflict,” the cause was set down for oral argument on the question of jurisdict…
Authorities Cited
- Royal Carraway v. Revell, 116 So. 2d 16 (Fla. 1959)
- Royal Carraway v. Revell, 112 So. 2d 71 (Fla. 1st DCA 1959)
- Royal Carraway v. Revell, 123 So. 2d 400 (Fla. 1st DCA 1959)
- City OF Hialeah v. Revels, 123 So. 2d 400 (Fla. 3d DCA 1960)