RICHARD BERTRAM & CO., APPELLANT,
v.
RAY E. GREEN, AS COMPTROLLER OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA, AND THOMAS J. KELLY, AS SHERIFF OF DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA, APPELLEES

Fla. 3d DCA | 1961-06-29
No. 60-434
Before HORTON, C. J., and PEARSON,. TILLMAN and CARROLL, JJ.
132 So. 2d 24 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1961) Positive Treatment
Cited by 11 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Richard Bertram & Co., a yacht broker, appealed a tax assessment by Florida's comptroller under the sales and use tax law. The court reversed the assessment, holding that the comptroller's rule denying the "occasional and isolated sale" exemption to yacht leases exceeded the comptroller's statutory authority and conflicted with the statute's definition of "sale" to include leases.


Holding

The court held that the comptroller exceeded his authority by promulgating Rule 37(9), which categorically denied the "occasional and isolated sale" exemption to rentals of tangible personal property. Because the statute defines "sale" to include leases of tangible personal property for consideration, the exemption for occasional and isolated sales applies equally to leases, and such leases are not converted into taxable transactions merely because they are made through a broker.


Key Quotes

“A reading of Chapter 212, Fla.Stat., F.S.A., convinces us that the taxes therein provided are not taxes against individuals or property, but taxes against business transactions, i. e., taxes for the privilege of engaging in a business or occupation.”

Establishes the nature of the tax as a business transaction tax, not a property tax

Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

Richard Bertram & Co. is a Florida corporation engaged in yacht brokerage. The company collected rental payments from lessees for yachts listed by ind…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
PEARSON, TILLMAN, Judge.

*25PEARSON, TILLMAN, Judge.

The appellant is a Florida corporation whose business is that of a yacht broker. The transactions which are the subject of inquiry came about when the owners of ■certain yachts listed these yachts with the appellant for lease. The appellant found suitable lessees. The yacht owners were individuals or corporations conducting businesses unconnected with yachts. As is usual in yacht brokerage transactions, the appellant collected the rental price and remitted the amount, less commission, to the owners. These facts were stipulated.

This cause arose when the appellee-•comptroller filed a notice of tax assessment •against the appellant under Chapter 212, Fla.Stat., F.S.A. This chapter is entitled the “Florida revenue act of 1949”1 and is more commonly known as the Florida Sales and Use Tax Law. After administrative proceedings which are not in issue, the appellant filed a complaint seeking a determination of the validity of the assessment •and injunctive relief. After the filing of the stipulation on the facts the cause was heard upon the issue of law as to the applicability of the tax and the chancellor •entered a final decree dismissing the complaint. This appeal is from that final decree.

The basis of the decree was that the •appellant had failed to make it appear that it was exempted under Chapter 212, Fla. Stat., F.S.A. Therefore the sole question upon this appeal is whether or not the •appellant-broker is liable for taxes under 'Chapter 212, Fla.Stat., F.S.A. The appel-lee prefers to state this question in another way: Is the broker exempted from a tax on the rentals or leases described because they are “occasional and isolated” ?2 Either question involves a decision as to the legality of comptroller’s rule 37(9), which provides :

“The rental of tangible personal property cannot qualify for exemption as an occasional or isolated sale.”

A reading of Chapter 212, Fla.Stat., F.S.A., convinces us that the taxes therein provided are not taxes against individuals or property, but taxes against business transactions, i. e., taxes for the privilege of engaging in a business or occupation. See Gaulden v. Kirk, Fla.1950, 47 So.2d 567.

It is, therefore, necessary to determine whether the tax sought to be levied in the instant case is upon a taxable transaction.

An owner who makes a sale which is “occasional and isolated” qualifies for an exemption under Section 212.02(9), above quoted. This exemption is recognized by the comptroller in Rule 37.4, which provides :

“The exemption provided on isolated sales is not forfeited when the sale is made by a broker for the owner.”

But the comptroller contends that this rule applies only to “sales”, although the act itself defines a lease of tangible property for consideration as a “sale”.3 The *26comptroller explains that this definition is accepted for the purpose of the determination of “taxability”, but not for the determination of “exemptability”. This position is fortified by the argument that Chapter 212, Fla.Stat., F.S.A., contains a statement of the legislative intent that all transactions under the chapter are taxable unless specifically exempted.4 It is thereupon urged that the comptroller, being clothed by the legislature with the power to promulgate rules and regulations not inconsistent with the act,5 had the authority to promulgate Rule 37.9, supra, which forbids exemption of a rental of tangible personal property as an isolated sale. Therefore, contends the comptroller, the appellant has not brought himself within an exemption of the statute.

We are unable to accept appellee’s position that the section defining “sales” to include leases of personal tangible property for a consideration applies only to that portion of the act pertaining to taxability, but not to exemptability. It is apparent from a reading of the definition of “sale”6 that a lease of tangible personal property is, in fact, a sale. When a statute contains a definition of a word or phrase, that meaning must be ascribed to the word or phrase whenever repeated in the same statute unless a contrary intent clearly appears.7 Thus the definition of “sale” contained in Section 212.02(2) (a), supra, is controlling in determining the meaning of that word as used in Section 212.02(9),8 supra, which defines “business” and lists transactions not to be included in the term “business”. The language of the sections involved being clear and the legislative intent determinable from the definitions given in the statute, the comptroller has no power to go outside the statutory definitions and give a different meaning to the words used in the statute, even though the comptroller’s construction, in his mind, would increase the revenue of the State of Florida. Although we recognize the power and duty of the comptroller in administrating this tax law to promulgate rules to enforce the assessment and collection of the taxes, we hold that he exceeded his authority by promulgating a rule which is contrary to the statute.

If the lease is then properly exempted it may not be converted into a taxable transaction by the fact that it is made through a broker. For the reasons above stated, we hold that the judgment must be reversed.

Reversed.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Ryder Truck Rental, Inc. v. Farris Bryant, 170 So. 2d 822 (Fla. 1964)
    …include “rental” unless the context clearly requires a different meaning, and that the amendment of the statute by omitting the words “or rental to” has no effect on the meaning of the section. They rely on Richard Bertram & Co. v. Green, Fla.App., 132 So. 2d 24, in support of their contention. In this case the District Court of Appeal held that Section 212.02(9), Fla. Stat., F.S.A., providing that “the term ‘business’ shall not be construed in this chapter to include occasional and isolated sales or transa…
  • Florida Hi-Lift v. Dep't OF Revenue, 571 So. 2d 1364 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990)
    …on or both, exchange, barter, license, lease or rental, conditional or otherwise, in any manner or by any means whatsoever of tangible personal property for a consideration.” The foregoing provision was interpreted in Richard Bertram & Co. v. Green, 132 So. 2d 24, 26 (Fla. 3d DCA 1961), cert. denied, 135 So. 2d 743 (Fla. 1961), appeal dismissed, 136 So. 2d 343 (Fla.1961), wherein the court held: It is apparent from a reading of the definition of “sale” that a lease of tangible personal property is, in fact,…
  • Coleman F. Carroll v. City OF Miami Beach, 198 So. 2d 643 (Fla. 3d DCA 1967)
    …efore us is not what the word “family” means in common parlance, but what the City of Miami Beach zoning ordinance says it means. We are bound by the definition ascribed to the word in the ordinance. See Richard Bertram & Co. v. Green, Fla.App.1961, 132 So. 2d 24. Under the terms of the ordinance any number of persons occupying the premises and living as a single housekeeping unit are entitled to the status of a family. There is no requirement that they be related by consanguinity or affinity. [*645] In 35…

Previewing 3 of 6 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw