THE E. J. EVANS COMPANY, AN OHIO CORPORATION, APPELLANT,
v.
THE OHIO STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, AN INSURANCE COMPANY INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF OHIO AND AUTHORIZED TO DO BUSINESS IN THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1962-08-17
No. 2521
ALLEN, Acting C. J., and SMITH, J., concur.
144 So. 2d 833 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1962) Positive Treatment
Cited by 8 cases

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Synopsis

E. J. Evans Company appealed a summary judgment dismissing its action against Ohio State Life Insurance Company arising from an insurance policy on John Gordon Morgan's life. The court affirmed the summary judgment, holding that the action was barred by the three-year statute of limitations for fraud claims, and alternatively, that the insurer was not estopped by its general agent's interpretation of the unambiguous policy terms.


Holding

The summary judgment was properly granted. If the action sounds in fraud, it was barred by Florida's three-year statute of limitations, as the fraud was discovered in March 1955 and the action was not brought until February 1960. Alternatively, even if the action were for breach of contract, appellee was not estopped by its general agent's interpretation because the insurance policy terms were plain and unambiguous, and the agent's statements could not give rise to a parol modification of the policy.


Key Quotes

“Assuming that the action was one for fraud, the fraud, if any, was discovered in March of 1955. The action was therefore barred by Section 95.11, Fla. Stat., F.S.A., which provides that an action for fraud shall be brought within three years after its discovery.”

Establishes the controlling statute of limitations for fraud claims and demonstrates that appellant's action was untimely.

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Facts & Procedural History

Appellant purchased an insurance policy from appellee on the life of John Gordon Morgan, a shareholder, director, and officer of appellant. Appellant …

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Opinion of the Court
WILLSON, J. H., Associate Judge.

WILLSON, J. H., Associate Judge.

The plaintifif in the lower court has appealed from a summary judgment for the defendant.

The cause of action set forth in the amended complaint was first asserted by appellant on February 2, 1960. It arises out of an insurance policy issued by ap-pellee on the life of one John Gordon Morgan, who, at the time of issuance, was a stockholder, director and officer of appellant.

It was alleged in the amended complaint that prior to and following the issuance of the policy a general agent of appellee represented to appellant that it was the owner of the proceeds of said policy, and that no action was necessary on its part to obtain the cash surrender value thereof at any time prior to January 7, 1957, provided it paid the annual premiums. These representations, appellant charged, were false, and made with the intent to induce the appellant to rely thereon, and, in particular to cause appellant to pay the annual premiums due on the policy, and appellant did in reliance on the representations pay the premiums. It was further alleged that in the month of March, 1955, appellant made demand for the payment of the cash surrender value of the policy, but appellee “in failing and refusing to pay the sums demanded, breached its contract with” appellant.

We cannot determine from reading the amended complaint whether appellant is suing for fraud, or for breach of contract, nor can we glean any sure light on this question from appellant’s brief. Whether the action sounds in tort or in contract, the motion for summary judgment was properly granted.

Assuming that the action was one for fraud, the fraud, if any, was discovered in March of 1955. The action was therefore barred by Section 95.11, Fla. Stat., F.S.A., which provides that an action for fraud shall be brought within three years after its discovery. The defense of the statute of limitations was set up in appellee’s answer. The deposition of Karl W. Todd, the president of appellant, shows that the fraud, if any, was discovered in 1955. Appellant presented no facts either by deposition or affidavit to avoid this defense. There was therefore no issue of *835fact to submit to a jury, and the summary judgment was properly entered.

The able trial judge who entered the summary judgment treated the action as being based solely on the alleged fraud of appellee’s general agent. While we think he was correct, we will consider another question raised in appellant’s brief that might be applicable if the action were one for breach of contract.

Appellant maintains that appel-lee is estopped to deny the correctness of the interpretation put upon the insurance policy by its general agent. Where the terms of the insurance policy are ambiguous, a construction placed upon them by a general agent may bind the insurer, Kendrick v. Mutual Ben-Life Ins. Co., 124 N.C. 315, 32 S.E. 728 (N.C.); Wilson v. Hawkeye Casualty Co., 67 Wyo. 141, 215 P.2d 867 (Wyo.), but where the terms are unambiguous an interpretation thereof by a general agent does not bind the insurer. Schultz v. Benefit Ass’n of Railway Employees of Chicago, Ill., 175 S.C. 182, 178 S.E. 867 (S.C.); Stivers v. National American Insurance Co., 9 Cir., 247 F.2d 921; Ray v. Mutual Benefit Health & Accident Ass’n, 220 S.W.2d 622 (Mo. App.). The terms of the policy in this case are plain and unambiguous, and ap-pellee is not estopped by its general agent’s alleged interpretation of the insurance policy.

In the absence of controlling statutory or contract provisions, agents with actual or ostensible power to enter into contracts of insurance have authority to modify, by and with the consent of the insured, policies already issued. 4 Couch on Insurance, 2d 87. Coletta v. Ohio Cas. Ins. Co., 96 Ohio App. 70, 121 N.E.2d 148. The statements made by appellee’s general agent, however, are not such as would give rise to a parol modification of the policy.

The record does not disclose any error in the assessment of costs.

The judgment of the lower court is affirmed.

ALLEN, Acting C. J., and SMITH, J., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • …ted to appellee. Further, according to appellee’s view, the application itself is not ambiguous; therefore, whether or not the insurance agency was acting as agent for appellee is immaterial, E. J. Evans Company v. Ohio State Life Insurance Company, 144 So. 2d 833 (Fla. 2nd DCA 1962). Appellant argues, and we agree, that under the factual circumstances presented here it cannot be said as a matter of law that the Shifflet rule precludes recovery on the policy. The holding of Shifflet has been somewhat amelior…
  • Matthews v. Olive M. Matthews, 222 So. 2d 282 (Fla. 2d DCA 1969)
    …2; Watson v. Jones, 1899, 41 Fla. 241, 25 So. 678; Lucom v. Atlantic Nat. Bank of West Palm Beach, Fla., C.A.5, Fla.1965, 354 F. 2d 51, cert. den. 385 U.S. 898, 87 S.Ct. 199, 17 L.Ed.2d 130; E. J. Evans Co. v. Ohio State Life Ins. Co., Fla.App.1962, 144 So. 2d 833. And this three year limitation must be strictly construed against the party bringing suit, to such extent that the words “discovery * * * of the facts” used in said § 95.11(5) (d) “must be defined by [an] objective and not subjective standard and…
  • Am. Mfrs. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Horn, 353 So. 2d 565 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977)
    …tion, that there would be coverage under the facts of this case. Under the circumstances, AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS is estopped to deny the correctness of the interpretation put upon its policy by its agent. E. J. Evans Co. v. Ohio State Life Ins. Co., 144 So. 2d 833 (Fla.2d DCA 1962); 18 Fla.Jur. 371-72; Insurance § 403. “d. The Court finds that under the terms of the UNITED STATES FIRE policy, UNITED STATES FIRE provides $1,000,000.00 coverage to EASTERN AUTO LEASING and MIAMI LATIN in excess of the $100,000.…

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