UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,
v.
ERVIN LEE FRANKLIN, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT

11th Cir. | 1993-10-13
No. 91-8989
Before KRAVITCH, Circuit Judge, CLARK, Senior Circuit Judge, and PITTMAN , Senior District Judge.
5 F.3d 1383 Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (1993) Positive Treatment
Cited by 14 cases

Opinion of the Court
BY THE COURT:

BY THE COURT: Appellant’s and appellee’s joint motion for withdrawal of the September 22, 1992 opinion, published at 972 F. 2d 1253, is granted. Appellant’s and appellee’s joint motion for an order affirming appellant’s conviction, vacating appellant’s sentence and remanding for resentencing pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 924(a)(2), with instructions that the district court not apply the provisions of 18 U.S.C. § 924(e), is granted. Appellant’s and appellee’s joint motion that the appellee’s petition for rehearing be denied as moot is granted:


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  • …gious speech in a public forum is at issue. Moreover, numerous lower courts (including the Court of Appeals in this case) have applied the endorsement test in precisely the context before us today. See, e. g., Chabad-Lubavitch of Georgia v. Miller, 5 F. 3d 1383 (CA11 1993) (en banc); Kreisner v. San Diego, 1 F. 3d 775, 782-787 (CA9 1993), cert. denied, 510 U. S. 1044 (1994); Americans United for Separation of Church and State v. Grand Rapids, 980 F. 2d 1538 (CA6 1992) (en banc); Doe v. Small, 964 F. 2d 611…
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  • Adler v. Duval Cnty. Sch. Bd., 206 F.3d 1070 (11th Cir. 2000)
    …124 L.Ed.2d 352 (1993) (stating that "we return to the reality that there is a proper way to inter an established decision and Lemon, however frightening it might be to some, has not been overruled”); see also Chabad-Lubavitch of Georgia v. Miller, 5 F. 3d 1383, 1388 (11th Cir.1993) (en banc) (explaining that "[ajlthough [the Lemon test] has been criticized severely, it still controls our Establishment Clause inquiry”); Bown v. Gwinnett County Sch. Dist., 112 F. 3d 1464, 1468-74 (11th Cir.1997) (applying L…
  • Reverend Daniel King v. Richmond Cnty., 331 F.3d 1271 (11th Cir. 2003)
    …ly believe that the government’s use of a predominantly religious symbol sends a message of governmental endorsement of religion. See Allegheny County, 492 U.S. at 598-600, 109 S.Ct. 3086; Adler, 206 F. 3d at 1101; Chabad-Lubavitch of Ga. v. Miller, 5 F. 3d 1383, 1391 n. 11 (11th Cir.1993) (en banc). Courts must evaluate challenged governmental practices on a case-by-case basis, judging each practice in its unique circumstances and in its particular physical setting. 2. Application of the Effect Prong Ap…

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