WILLIAM HYMAN, PETITIONER,
v.
SIDNEY SCHWARTZ, AS PARENT AND NEXT FRIEND OF MICHEL SCHWARTZ, RESPONDENT

Fla. 3d DCA | 1965-08-10
No. 65-408
Before CARROLL, BARKDULL and SWANN, JJ.
177 So. 2d 750 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1965) Positive Treatment
Cited by 10 cases

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Synopsis

The Third District Court of Appeal reversed a trial court's order striking a defendant's counterclaim and entering default judgment on liability based on the defendant's allegedly insufficient answers to interrogatories. The court held that striking pleadings and entering default judgment is a harsh remedy that must be applied cautiously, and that the trial court should have given the defendant an opportunity to cure deficient answers before resorting to default.


Holding

No. Under Florida Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 1.31(d) and established precedent, a trial court must apply its discretion cautiously when striking pleadings and entering default judgment. The trial court should have given the defendant a fixed time to provide more complete answers to the interrogatories before resorting to the harsh remedy of striking the pleadings.


Key Quotes

“The action of a trial court in striking pleadings and entering a default judgment for failure to properly reply to interrogatories is a harsh remedy and should be cautiously applied.”

Establishes the core principle that default judgment for interrogatory violations is an extraordinary remedy requiring careful judicial discretion

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Facts & Procedural History

Plaintiff filed a complaint for personal injuries from an automobile accident. After an initial default judgment was set aside, defendant answered and…

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Opinion of the Court
SWANN, Judge.

SWANN, Judge.

This is a petition for writ of certiorari from an order of the Civil Court of Record, which struck the counterclaim of the defendant below and entered judgment by default against him on the question of liability. The parties will be referred to herein as in the trial court. The facts briefly are as follows.

Plaintiff filed a complaint at law alleging damages incurred as a result of personal injuries sustained in an automobile accident with the defendant. A default judgment was entered against the defendant for failure to answer or otherwise plead. Upon a motion properly made, the default judgment was set aside. The defendant filed his answer, denying negligence, together with a counterclaim against the plaintiff for damage done to defendant’s automobile.

Plaintiff submitted interrogatories to the defendant which were objected to on the ground that many of them went to the question of defendant’s health and medical condition, whereas the counterclaim sought relief for only property damage.

The trial court overruled the objection to the interrogatories, whereupon the defendant filed a motion to reconsider the matter. Timely answers to the interrogatories were filed, but the defendant designated all interrogatories which did not go to the issue of property damage as “not applicable”. Plaintiff filed a motion to strike or for default on the grounds that the defendant did not file timely answers to the interrogatories. The court granted this motion by striking the counterclaim and entering a judgment by default on the question of liability. This petition for writ of certiorari was properly and timely filed.

The action of a trial court in striking pleadings and entering a default judgment for failure to properly reply to interrogatories is a harsh remedy and should be cautiously applied. We agree with the rationale set forth in State Road Department v. Hufford, Fla.App.1964, 161 So.2d 35, wherein the court stated:

* * * * * *
“In the absence of objections to interrogatories or an order of the court varying the time prescribed for answer thereto, the answers are due within 15 days after the interrogatories are served. Rule 1.27, Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, 30 F.S.A. Failure to so serve such answers subjects the defaulting party, on motion arid notice, *752to the penalty of having any part of any pleading filed by him stricken, or to the dismissal of his action or proceeding or any part thereof, or to entry of judgment by default against him. Rule 1.31(d), F.R.C.P. This rule, however, must be applied within the orbit of a sound judicial discretion and it is here that we are at variance with the action taken by the chancellor in this case. (Emphasis supplied.)
“We recognize that under circumstances as here existing a trial court, in the exercise of its inherent power, may and often does exact prompt action and otherwise penalize a party in default under the subject rules of practice. We are aware of no instance, however, where our courts, under circumstances as here involved, have finally dismissed the action without first affording the party in default an opportunity to cure the same. * * * ”
******

In the instant matter the defendant timely filed his answers to the interrogatories but apparently the court was not satisfied with the contents of the answers which stated “not applicable” to many of the interrogatories.

It is our view that under the authority of Rule 1.31(d), Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, 30 F.S.A. and under State Road Department v. Hufford, supra, the defendant herein should have been given a fixed time in which to more fully reply to the interrogatories in question and that upon failure to do so the court could then properly strike the pleadings.

For the reasons stated, the petition for writ of certiorari is hereby granted and the decision of the trial court is reversed.

Reversed.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Hurley v. Werly, 203 So. 2d 530 (Fla. 2d DCA 1967)
    …ication on the merits because of such default “without first affording party in default an opportunity to cure the default * * * constitute^] an abuse of discretion”, requiring a reversal. The 3rd District Court, in Hyman v. Schwartz, Fla.App.1965, 177 So. 2d 750, quoting at length from Hufford, held that the action of a trial Court in adjudging a default and proceeding summarily to the merits for failure to properly comply with the discovery Rules “is a harsh remedy and should be cautiously applied”; likewi…
  • Remington Constr. Co., Inc. v. Hamilton Elec., Inc., 181 So. 2d 183 (Fla. 3d DCA 1965)
    …lready been construed as requiring the entry of an order prior to taking the action provided for in Rule 1.31 (d), Florida Rules of Civil Procedure. See: State Road Department v. Hufford, Fla.App.1964, 161 So. 2d 35; Hyman v. Schwartz, Fla.App.1965, 177 So. 2d 750. Therefore, it appears that the chancellor’s action in entering the default without a prior order directing response to the inter [*185] rogatories is contrary to the authorities in this State and, therefore, erroneous. In accordance with the views…
  • Riess v. Goldman, 196 So. 2d 184 (Fla. 3d DCA 1967)
    …sanction as striking the defendant’s pleadings, the defendant was. entitled to an order directing him to appear for the taking of his depositions. See: State Road Department v. Hufford, Fla.App. 1964, 161 So. 2d 35; Hyman v. Schwartz, Fla.App. 1965, 177 So. 2d 750; Remington Construction Co. v. Hamilton Electric, Inc., Fla.App. 1965, 181 So. 2d 183. That was particularly so in the instant case, where the protective order had indicated that in the event of his failure to appear a rule to show cause would be is…

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