JOHN A. CAHILL, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1966-10-12
No. 6816
SHANNON, Acting C. J., and MOODY, JAMES S., Associate Judge, concur.
190 So. 2d 621 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1966) Positive Treatment
Cited by 2 cases

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Synopsis

John Cahill was convicted of obtaining property by worthless check and sentenced to six months to five years in prison. On appeal, the court reversed because the trial judge gave an erroneous instruction on the voluntary intoxication defense, telling the jury it "might" be a defense when it "would be" a defense under the law.


Holding

The instruction was erroneous and constituted harmful error. When specific intent is an indispensable element of the crime, voluntary intoxication is a complete defense if the defendant was so intoxicated that he was incapable of forming any intent or knowing what he was doing, not merely a possible defense.


Key Quotes

“if the Jury should find the accused was intoxicated to the extent that his reason and ability to think were absolutely dethroned to the extent he was incapable of forming any intent or knowing what he was doing, then that might be a defense”

The erroneous jury instruction that qualified the intoxication defense as merely a possible defense rather than an absolute one

Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.

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Facts & Procedural History

Cahill, a self-described alcoholic who had "fallen off the wagon" in September 1965, was charged with obtaining property by worthless check. He testif…

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Opinion of the Court
HOBSON, Judge.

HOBSON, Judge.

The defendant, John A. Cahill, was tried for the crime of obtaining property in return for a worthless check in violation of § 832.05(3), Fla.Stat., F.S.A. The jury found -him guilty and the court sentenced him to be confined in the state prison for a period of six months to five years.

The sole question involved on appeal concerns the court’s instruction on the defense of intoxication.

The appellant, defendant below, took the stand in his own behalf and testified that he was an alcoholic and had “fallen off the .wagon” in September, 1965, just prior to the date .of the alleged offense and that while he acknowledges the signature on the check in question to be his, he did not recall any of the events that transpired on the date of the alleged pífense.

As to the defense of intoxication as it applies to the requisite of specific intent, the court instructed as follows:1' '''

“I charge you that under the law voluntary intoxication is not a defense to. a criminal charge, and one who voluntarily becomes • intoxicated and then commits a-crime or becomes intoxicated with the-intent to nerve himself to commit a crime, cannot be excused for the commission of that offense of which he is charged, pro- • *622vided, however, in those cases where intent is an indispensable element of the crime charged, if the Jury should find the accused was intoxicated to the extent that his reason and ability to think were absolutely dethroned to the extent he was incapable of forming any intent or knowing what he was doing, then that might be a defense if the Jury should believe it to be true. If he still knew right from wrong and the probable consequences and results of his own act,- then he was capable of specific intent and intoxication will not excuse him.” (Emphasis supplied)

Defense counsel duly objected to this instruction :

“MR. WHITE: To the instructions, I object that the Court instructed the Jury that intoxication might be a defense if the Jury believes he was so intoxicated, that it was sufficient to dethrone reason. I think it to be an absolute defense. And defendant objects to the instruction, in the admonition to the Jury, that it will be a violation of their oath as well as an encouragement to others to violate the law, to acquit if any thought beyond and to the exclusion of every reasonable doubt to be guilty. Just that section, we object to that section in the admonition, as reads, as well as encourages.”

We must agree with the appellant that the court’s instruction quoted above in regard to the defense of intoxication when specific intent is an indispensable element of a crime was erroneous and as such constitutes harmful error. The instruction as given informed the jury that even though they found the accused to be intoxicated to such an extent that his reason and ability were absolutely dethroned so that he was incapable of forming any intent or knowing what he was doing, then this might be a defense when under the law it zvould be a defense.

The court having charged that intent was an indispensable element of the crime charged, we must reverse this cause for the foregoing reason.

Reversed and remanded for a new trial.

SHANNON, Acting C. J., and MOODY, JAMES S., Associate Judge, concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Prince v. State, 333 So. 2d 63 (Fla. 4th DCA 1976)
    …of Florida has clearly established the doctrine that “intent to defraud” is an indispensable element in proof of a violation of Section 832.05, Florida Statutes. See Anderson v. Bryson, 94 Fla. 1165, 115 So. 505, text 507; Cahill v. State, Fla.App. 190 So. 2d 621, text 622; Rapp v. State, Fla.App., 274 So. 2d 18, text 19, relating to intent to defraud in forgery charge; Austin v. Wainwright, Fla.App., 305 So. 2d 845, relating to intent to defraud in larceny charge. The failure of the trial court, in view of…

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