CLINTON W. BROWN, SR., APPELLANT,
v.
DIANE KENDRICK, A MINOR, BY GROVER KENDRICK, HER FATHER AND NEXT FRIEND, AND GROVER KENDRICK, INDIVIDUALLY, APPELLEES

Fla. 1st DCA | 1966-11-17
No. H-228
RAWLS, C. J., and SACK, J., concur.
192 So. 2d 49 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1966) Negative Treatment
Cited by 15 cases

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Holding

The trial court did not err in refusing to allow the defendant to offer evidence of the plaintiff's failure to use a seat belt as a defense to gross negligence.


Facts & Procedural History

A minor daughter was injured in an automobile accident while riding as a guest in a car driven by the defendant's son. The plaintiffs sued the owner o…

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Opinion of the Court
JOHNSON, Judge.

JOHNSON, Judge.

The plaintiffs below, appellees here, were a father and his minor daughter. The daughter was injured in an automobile accident while riding as a guest in an automobile owned by the defendant, appellant, which was being' driven by the 16 year old son of said appellant. The plaintiffs sued the appellant as owner of the automobile in which the plaintiff’s daughter was riding, as well as the party owning and operating the other automobile involved in said accident, a man named Scott. The cause was tried before a jury, which returned a verdict against defendant-Brown, in favor of the daughter-plaintiff, Diane Kendrick, in the amount of $16,000.00 and in favor of the plaintiff-father, Grover Kendrick, in the amount of $1341.00, and found the defendant-Scott not guilty. Final judgment was entered pursuant to said verdict and the defendant-Brown appeals therefrom.

In the course of the pleadings, the defendant-Brown, in addition to his general denials, included in his answer the defense of contributory negligence because the plaintiff, Diane Kendrick, did not avail herself of the safety available by fastening her seat belt, with which the automobile was equipped. This latter defense was stricken by the court upon motion of the plaintiffs, and defendant Brown allowed to amend. In the amended answer, the same general denials were alleged and the defense of contributory negligence for failure of Diane Kendrick to fasten her seat belt. The language used in the amended answer was more at length than in the original answer, but in substance amounted to the same alleged defense, namely, failure to use the seat belt. A newspaper editorial on the question of the use of seat belts was attached to the answer in support of the contention of contributory negligence. A motion to again strike this defense was granted by the trial court. This is assigned as the principal error by the appellant. Other errors are assigned "attacking the trial court’s ruling denying directed verdict and motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict and/or a new trial, but we think these assignments may be easily disposed of by us by *51stating that we find no reversible error in any of the court’s rulings pertaining to these latter assigned errors.

The problem of the seat belts is coming to be more in the public eye today and there has been some legislative action with regard thereto. There has been and still exists controversy over the safety feature of the seat belts. The Florida Legislature has touched upon the subject only to the extent of requiring approval of the type to be used, if used. F.S. 317.-951(1), F.S.A. It may be that after further research by various safety committees, the law may be changed to require the use of seat belts and to affix some element of negligence for failure to use same. This is not the law today and it is not within the province of this court to legislate on the subject, regardless of what might be the thinking of the individual members of this court. The Congress of the United States has considered several bills pertaining to motor vehicle and highway safety1 but in neither bill as approved, has there been a mandatory use of seat belts. Further research is requested and required and a committee established therefor with directions to report back to the Secretary of Commerce. So, in this state of quandry, the plaintiff and defendant could each have argued on the merits of the use of seat belts, but each argument would necessarily have been conjectural and of doubtful propriety. We therefore dispose of the appellant’s first point argued on appeal by holding that the trial court was not in error in refusing to allow the defendant to offer to the jury evidence of the plaintiff’s failure to use the seat belt as constituting a defense to gross negligence on the part of the driver. We cannot accept the editorials or news letters as having the weight of law. We think the trial court properly stated the correct conclusion when he said, in effect, that defendant had not shown, except by conjecture, that the use of the seat belts would have prevented the injury complained of. Certainly, as pointed out by the appellee, the plaintiff’s failure to fasten her seat belt was not such negligence as to contribute to the occurrence of the accident, nor to be the proximate contributing cause of the injury in the absence of a showing that the accident could have been avoided in the absence of such a negligent act. Bessett v. Hackett, 66 So.2d 694 (Fla.1953). The evidence bears out the fact that the driver’s recklessness or negligence caused the accident in the case at bar.

The second point urged by the appellant goes to the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain a finding of gross negligence on the part of the defendant. We think the evidence was sufficient for a jury to find gross negligence and the trial court and jury having a better opportunity to properly assess the value of the evidence, and in the absence of a showing of a gross abuse, we will not substitute our judgment for that of the jury. We have read Sams v. Sams, 148 S.E.2d 154 (S.C.1966), submitted by the appellant subsequent to the oral argument in this case, but do not feel that this court is ready nor in a position to adopt a similar construction as the law of Florida.

For the reasons stated, the judgment appealed is affirmed.

RAWLS, C. J., and SACK, J., concur.


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Citator

Cited By (15 total)

  • …ed, would have substantially reduced or prevented any bodily injuries to him; that Pasakarnis was negligent in failing to use this safety device; and that his damages should be reduced in proportion to his negligence. Relying upon Brown v. Kendrick, 192 So. 2d 49 (Fla. 1st DCA 1966), Pasakarnis moved to strike this affirmative defense, contending that, because he had no duty to wear a seat belt, the fact that he was not wearing his seat belt when this accident occurred does not establish a legal basis to red…
  • Ridley v. Safety Kleen Corp., 693 So. 2d 934 (Fla. 1996)
    …contribute to the accident), the plaintiffs recoverable damages should be barred or reduced. Alvin S. Hyde, The Seat Belt Defense 5 (1985). This defense had been discussed and rejected in the district courts as early as 1966. See Brown v. Kendrick, 192 So. 2d 49 (Fla. 1st DCA 1966).5 We first approved the seat belt defense in Insurance Co. of North America v. Pasakarnis, 451 So. 2d 447, 449 (Fla.1984). Prior to Pasakamis, we considered a number of issues regarding automobile safety and design, a manufactur…
  • Honda Motor Co., Ltd. v. Marcus, 440 So. 2d 373 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983)
    …Quinn v. Millard, 358 So. 2d 1378 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978) (lack of evidence of causal connection between claimant’s injuries and his failure to fasten seat belt precludes submission to jury, even if seat belt defense were recognized); Brown v. Kendrick, 192 So. 2d 49 (Fla. 1st DCA 1966) (although holding that seat belt defense unavailable in any event, alternatively holding that lack of evidence of causal connection between claimant’s injuries and his failure to fasten seat belt made defense unavailable in insta…

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