LEE, COMMISSIONER OF CORRECTIONS OF ALABAMA, ET AL.
v.
WASHINGTON ET AL.
Per Curiam.
This appeal challenges a decree of a three-judge District Court declaring that certain Alabama statutes violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the extent that they require segregation of the races, in prisons and jails, and establishing a schedule for desegregation of these institutions. The State’s contentions that Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which relates to class actions, was violated in this case and that the challenged statutes are not unconstitutional are without merit. The remaining contention of the State is that the specific orders directing desegregation of prisons and jails make no allowance for the necessities of prison security and discipline, but we do not so read the “Order, Judgment and Decree” of the District Court, which when read as a whole we find unexceptionable.
The judgment is affirmed.
Mr. Justice Black, Mr. Justice Harlan, and Mr. Justice Stewart,
concurring.
In joining the opinion of the Court, we wish to make explicit something that is left to be gathered only by implication from the Court’s opinion. This is that prison authorities have the right, acting in good faith and in particularized circumstances, to take into account racial tensions in maintaining security, discipline, and good order in prisons and jails. We are unwilling to assume that state or local prison authorities might mistakenly regard such an explicit pronouncement as evincing any dilution of this Court’s firm commitment to the Fourteenth Amendment’s prohibition of racial discrimination.
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Wolff v. McDONNELL, 418 U.S. 539 (U.S. 1974)…p. 105 (ND Cal. 1970); Johnson v. Avery, 393 U. S. 483 (1969); Ex parte Hull, 312 U. S. 546 (1941). Prisoners are protected under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment from invidious discrimination based on race. Lee v. Washington, 390 U. S. 333 (1968). Prisoners may also claim the protections of the Due Process Clause. They may not be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Haines v. Kerner, 404 U. S. 519 (1972); Wilwording v. Swenson, 404 U. S. 249 (1971); Screw…
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Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520 (U.S. 1979)…ier, supra; Cruz v. Beto, 405 U. S. 319 (1972); Cooper v. Pate, 378 U. S. 546 (1964); that they are protected against invidious discrimination on the basis of race under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, see Lee v. Washington, 390 U. S. 333 (1968); and that they may claim the protection of the Due Process Clause to prevent additional deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, see Meachum v. Fano, supra; Wolff v. McDonnell, supra. A fortiori, pretrial detainee…1 / 2
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Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475 (U.S. 1973)…of the suit. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 [*506] U. S. 519 (1972); Cruz v. Beto, 405 U. S. 319 (1972); Younger v. Gilmore, 404 U. S. 15 (1971); Cruz v. Hauck, 404 U. S. 59 (1971); McDonald v. Board of Election, 394 U. S. 802 (1969); Lee v. Washington, 390 U. S. 333 (1968); Cooper v. Pate, 378 U. S. 546 (1964). See, e..g., Sostre v. McGinnis, 442 F. 2d 178, 182 (CA2 1971) (conditions of segregated confinement); Jackson v. Bishop, 404 F. 2d 571 (CA8 1968) (cruel and unusual punishment); Hirons v. Director, 351…
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