ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY, AN ILLINOIS CORPORATION, AUTHORIZED TO DO BUSINESS IN FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
TERRY ALAN DOODY, A MINOR, BY AND THROUGH HIS MOTHER AND NEXT FRIEND, PATRICIA A. DOODY, AND PATRICIA A. DOODY, INDIVIDUALLY, APPELLEES
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Allstate Insurance Company appealed a jury verdict for the policyholder's widow and injured minor son on an insurance coverage dispute. The court reversed because the trial judge improperly excluded testimony from Allstate's agent and business records under the Dead Man's Statute, which did not apply to bar an agent's testimony regarding transactions with the deceased insured.
The court held that the Dead Man's Statute did not bar Allstate's agent from testifying regarding transactions with the deceased insured because mere agents constitute a common law exception to the statute's prohibitions, and business records properly presented under Florida's shop book and business records statutes are not barred by the statute. The excluded evidence was material to establish whether Allstate had waived its written notice requirement and consented to an oral cancellation request.
“Therefore, Michael A. Asafaylo, who was no more than an agent of Allstate and not a party to this suit, was not barred from being examined as a witness in regard to any transaction or communication with the deceased against the deceased's survivor.”
Establishes that agents are excepted from the Dead Man's Statute's restrictions on interested witnesses.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceJohn H. Doody, Jr. held an Allstate insurance policy with medical payments and death indemnity coverage (C1 and C2). On November 6, 1964, Mr. Doody wa…
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Patricia A. Doody, individually, and as mother and next friend of Terry Alan Doody sued Allstate Insurance Company to recover on an insurance policy issued by Allstate to John H. Doody, Jr., for coverage C 1-Automobile, Medical Payments Insurance and C2-Automobile Death Indemnity Insurance. Mr. Doody was involved in a fatal accident on November 6, 1964, and his minor son, Terry Alan Doody, received personal injuries in the accident. Patricia A. Doody was the wife of John PI. Doody, Jr., and is now his surviving spouse.
Allstate admitted that a policy was issued to Mr. Doody and was in effect on November 6, 1964, but denied that the policy in effect on that date provided for Cl and C2 coverage.
The cause proceeded to trial on the sole issue of whether or not there was coverage. The jury returned a verdict in favor of Patricia A. Doody, individually, and Terry Alan Doody, by and through his mother and next friend, Patricia A. Doody.
Allstate attempted to show that the coverage in question had been cancelled by the named insured, Mr. Doody, and that a new endorsement had been issued as a result of the named insured’s request.
Allstate proffered testimony of its agent, Michael A. Asafaylo who worked on commissions based on the amount of business sold. Mr. Asafaylo would testify that Mr. Doody called him on the telephone on June 24, 1964 and requested that the coverage in question be cancelled, and in accordance with the request the agent wrote to Allstate’s Saint Petersburg office for change in coverage. Allstate also proffered exhibits allegedly prepared and received in the regular course of business and a part of the business records or permanent policy file of the insured maintained in its Saint Peters-burg office reflecting cancellation of the coverage in question and a reduction in premiums of $36.00. However, the trial judge determined that the testimony of the agent was incompetent and the exhibits inadmissible under the provisions of § 90.05 Fla.Stat., F.S.A. commonly referred to as the Dead Man’s Statute. The statute reads as follows:
“No person, in any court, or before any officer acting judicially, shall be excluded from testifying as a witness by reason of his interest in the event of the action or proceeding, or because he is a party thereto; provided, however, that no party to such action or proceeding, nor any person interested in the event thereof, nor any person from, through or under whom *689any such party, or interested person, derives any interest or title, by assignment or otherwise, shall be examined as a witness in regard to any transaction or communication between such witness and a person at the time of such examination deceased, insane or lunatic, against the executor, or administrator, heir at law, next of kin, assignee, legatee, devisee or survivor of such deceased person, or the assignee or committee of such insane person or lunatic; but this prohibition shall not extend to any transaction or communication as to which any such executor, administrator, heir at law, next of kin, assignee, legatee, devisee, survivor or committeeman shall be examined on his own behalf, or as to which the testimony of such deceased person or lunatic shall be given in evidence.”
The purpose of this statute is to enlarge, not to restrict, the competency of witnesses. If a witness was competent by the common law he is competent under the proviso of this statute.1 “It is well settled, however, that, by the common law, agents, carriers, factors, and other servants of this description constituted a class of special exceptions to the general rule that a witness interested in the subject of the suit is not competent to testify on the side of his interest. This principle was extended to every species of agency or intervention by which business was transacted, unless the case was overborne by some other rule that took the agent out of the exception.” (Citations omitted.)2
The rule that a mere agent, who is not a stockholder nor has any other disqual-fication, is not barred from testifying has been followed in this jurisdiction as well as the majority of other jurisdictions with statutes similar to § 90.05.3
Therefore, Michael A. Asafaylo, who was no more than an agent of Allstate and not a party to this suit, was not barred from being examined as a witness in regard to any transaction or communication with the deceased against the deceased’s survivor. Section 90.05 was designed to protect the interests of decedents, and is only appropriate to suits against parties in their representative capacities.4
Shop book evidence was inadmissible at common law; however, by statute, the Legislature provided for their admissibility before the common law disability of interested parties to the transaction had been removed.5 The statute removing the common law disability of interested persons did not change the rule under the shop book and *690books of account statute. The syllabus by the Supreme Court in Chapin v. Mitchell, supra note 5 states :
“The proviso to section 1095, Rev.St. [predecessor to § 90.05 Fla.Stat., F.S.A.] * * * does not prohibit the admission in evidence in favor of either party of the shop books and books of account of either party, in which the charges and entries shall have been originally made, * * * ; neither does the proviso to said section 1095, Id., prohibit the introduction in evidence of the suppletory oath of the party in connection with such books of account, to the effect that the articles charged therein were delivered, or the items of labor and services therein charged were actually performed, and •that the entries thereof were made at or about the time of the transaction, and are the original entries, and that the charges have not been paid. Such books, to be admissible in such cases, must appear to be fairly kept, and free from erasures and interlineations, to be judged of by the court.”
The act providing for the admissibility of shop books and books of account has remained with little modification and is presently embraced in § 92.37 Fla.Stat, F.S.A. In 1949, the Legislature passed a Uniform Business Records As Evidence Act which is § 92.36 Fla.Stat, F.S.A. Section 92.36 is an extension of § 92.37 to liberalize the rules as to the allowance of shop book memorandum.6
Thus, where properly presented, shop books, books of account and business records are admissible in evidence and are not barred by § 90.05 Fla.Stat., F.S.A.7
It is also asserted on appeal, though not at trial, that the excluded evidence was not material and, even if admitted, could not have changed the result of the case.
The policy provided that, “the named insured may cancel this policy by mailing to Allstate written notice stating when thereafter such cancellation shall be effective. * * * ” It is argued that in view of this policy provision, the proffered testimony was insufficient to show a cancellation of coverage since it tended to show an oral rather than a written request for cancellation.
The above provision provides a method of cancellation for the insured. However, a policy of insurance may be can-celled by mutual consent of the contracting parties notwithstanding a provision in the policy specifying a method of cancellation.8 In addition, the requirement for notice in writing and that the notice shall state when thereafter the cancellation shall be effective are for the benefit of the insurer and may be waived by the insurer.9 The word “thereafter” means no more than that the insured may not select a cancellation date prior to the date of the notice.10
The proffered testimony and evidence was material to establish whether *691Allstate waived the requirement of written notice and consented to the insured’s alleged oral request to cancel Cl and C2 coverage.
Therefore, the trial court erred in refusing to admit into evidence the proffered testimony and those exhibits which were proffered and which the court finds properly presented as shop books, books of account or business records.
Accordingly, the judgment must be reversed and the cause remanded for a new trial.
Reversed and remanded.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By (11 total)
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Smith v. Frisch's BIG BOY, Inc., 208 So. 2d 310 (Fla. 2d DCA 1968)…cords as evidence.” Such contention is untenable. In the first place, as its name implies, § 92.36 pertains to “uniform business records”, i. é., records kept in the regular course of a continuing business. Allstate Ins. Co. v. Doody, Fla.App.1967, 193 So. 2d 687; Stewart v. Stewart, 1911, 62 Fla. 388, 56 So. 413; Parker v. Priestley, Fla. 1949, 39 So. 2d 210. Here there were no such business records involved. [*313] In the second place, § 92.36 has to do with the admissibility of business records themselves…
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In re Est. OF Louise Hatten. Antoinette Tartaglia v. Hatten, 880 So. 2d 1271 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004)…nce Manual 90.602.01, at 6-17 (2d ed.2003). Since the defendant in McDoug-ald had been sued in an individual capacity, the Dead Mans Statute did not apply. See also Mathews v. Hines, 444 F.Supp. 1201, 1206 (M.D.Fla.1978); Allstate Ins. Co. v. Doody, 193 So. 2d 687, 689 (Fla. 3d DCA 1967); Klein v. Witte, 142 So. 2d 789, 792 (Fla. 2d DCA 1962). The same logic applies here. The defendant is being sued personally for damages. As in McDougald, the Dead Man’s Statute does not apply in the tort action at all. Pro…
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Proprietors Ins. Co. v. West, 435 So. 2d 290 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983)…or contingent. Parker v. Priestley, 39 So. 2d 210, 213 (Fla. 1949). It is well settled that an employee or mere agent is not an interested party disqualified from testifying under the Deadman’s Statute. Parker; Allstate Insurance Company v. Doody, 193 So. 2d 687 (Fla.3d DCA 1967). Since a judgment in this case would have no direct effect upon DeLand’s employees, the employees did not possess the legally recognized interest required to trigger the testimonial bar of the Deadman’s Statute. See Matthews v. Hin…
Previewing 3 of 11 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited (11 total)
- McClure v. Century Ests., Inc., 96 Fla. 568 (Fla. 1928)
- Quitman McDougald v. Couey, 150 Fla. 748 (Fla. 1942)
- Charles S. Adams de Bonis non cum Testamento Annexo of the Estate of John S. Adams v. Bd. of Trs. of the Internal Improvement Fund, 37 Fla. 266 (Fla. 1896)
- Lewis v. Meginniss, 30 Fla. 419 (Fla. 1892)
- Chapin v. Mitchell, 44 Fla. 225 (Fla. 1902)
- The Home Ins. Co. of N.Y. v. Handley, 120 Fla. 226 (Fla. 1935)
- Merchs. & Bankers Guar. Co. v. Mollie Downs, 128 Fla. 767 (Fla. 1937)
- Parker v. Priestley, 39 So. 2d 210 (Fla. 1949)
- Cont'l Cas. Co. v. Giller Concrete Co., Inc., 116 F.2d 431 (5th Cir. 1940)
- Yates v. Helms, 154 So. 2d 731 (Fla. 2d DCA 1963)