A. B. C. BUSINESS FORMS, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, PETITIONER,
v.
THE HONORABLE HAROLD B. SPAET, JUDGE OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE ELEVENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, IN AND FOR DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA, RESPONDENT
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Florida Statute § 11.111, which mandates continuances for legislators, is unconstitutional when applied to cases seeking emergency injunctive relief due to irreparable damage.
Petitioner sought injunctive relief, and respondent, a legislator and attorney for the corporation, moved for a continuance under Fla. Stat. § 11.111.…
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We have this cause on petition for writ of mandamus.
Petitioner, on March 24, 1967, sought injunctive relief against United Business Forms, Inc., and certain of its employees and subscribers of corporate stock, including respondent Featherstone, a director and attorney for the corporation and a member of the Florida Legislature. Respondent Featherstone, after notice of the emergency hearing on application for temporary restraining order, filed, on April 14, 1967, a motion for continuance pursuant to Florida Statute § 11.111, F.S.A.1
At the hearing, held April 14, the trial judge ruled F.S. § 11.111, F.S.A., as construed in the Brooks case,2 left him without discretion to grant temporary injunction. Judge Spaet said the statute operated very harshly in this cause in which there was showing of irreparable damage entitling the plaintiff to emergency injunctive relief but that the statute prevented his taking action.
This court in Brooks, supra, held the Act “is not only reasonable but necessary to the proper functioning of the Legislature.”3 We later 4 acknowledged the rule in Brooks and, in this cause, we accept the constitutionality of the Act insofar as it relates to non-emergency litigation.
Our problem here is whether the Act is constitutional as applied to the facts sub ju-dice. Obviously, the demands upon the *892Florida Legislature are no longer satisfied, as was the case when Brooks was written, by “a short 60-day period every two years”.5 We take judicial notice that the Florida Legislature is now sitting in its third session this year. A further distinction between this cause and the Brooks and Sullivan cases is that here there is a showing of irreparable damage suffered by reason of the continuance.
It is of interest that in Brooks we relied somewhat upon construction of a similar Act by the Supreme Court of Illinois 6 but that, more recently, the Illinois court receded and denied a motion for continuance by a Legislator-attorney, holding:7
“ * * * It is not within the power of the Legislature to exclude from the courts that which proves the truth of the case nor to compel them to receive that which is false in character. It cannot direct what orders shall be entered by the court in pending actions. It may enact statutes which affect pending actions, but the application of a statute to a particular case is a judicial function, and the determination of what order shall be entered in such a case is the. exercise of judicial power which does not belong to the Legislature. (Authorities Omitted).
“The statute upon which appellant relies is intended as a shield to prevent a miscarriage of justice * * * [i]t is not intended as a sword, to be used to delay the administration of justice. H= H= * ”
As was so ably stated in Brooks, neither of the three co-ordinate branches of government should encroach upon the powers and duties of the other and the courts should support the legislative attempt to assure the presence of its membership unless the legislative enactment is a clear invasion of the judicial field. Generally, in non-emergency cases F.S. § 11.111, F.S.A. is constitutional and should be liberally construed. But, as to litigation involving emergency relief and irreparable damage, we find the statute an invasion of the judicial field and violative of constitutional prohibition.8 To that extent, we qualify the fair inference of Brooks and Sullivan. As a right guaranteed by the Constitution, the courts must be open to every person for relief against injury. Whether, in a given cause, the litigant may suffer irreparable injury in the application of the statute is one of sound judicial discretion, not subject to legislative control.
The alternative writ is made permanent and the respondent is directed to vacate his order of continuance herein, grant rehearing upon said motion, exercise his judicial discretion and, thereafter, proceed as advised.
O’CONNELL, C. J., and ROBERTS, THORNAL and ERVIN, JJ., concur.
THOMAS, J., agrees to issuance of peremptory writ.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
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Ryals v. Rich, 202 So. 2d 779 (Fla. 4th DCA 1967)…n the judiciary by the legislative branch, see those cases collected in 6 Fla.Jur., Constitutional Law, §§ 128-130; 4 Fla.Law & Practice, Constitutional Law §§ 34-37; and the opinion by Justice Caldwell in A.B.C. Business Forms, Inc. v. Spaet, Fla., 201 So. 2d 890, Opinion filed July 19, 1967. . “Any legislation that hampers judicial action or interferes with the discharge of judicial functions is unconstitutional.” Simmons v. State, 1948, 160 Fla. 626, 628. 36 So. 2d 207, 208. .For cases wherein legislativ…
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Kabick v. Kabick, 485 So. 2d 13 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986)…eviously erred in denying the motion for continuance inasmuch as (a) Section 11.111, Florida Statutes (1983), required that the motion be granted, and (b) the matters before it were not of an emergency nature. Compare A.B.C. Business Forms v. Spaet, 201 So. 2d 890 (Fla.1967). Before entering a written order to this effect, however, the trial judge sua sponte recused himself and the successor judge declined to set aside the order appealed from. Based on these circumstances, it is clear beyond any dispute that…
Authorities Cited
- Ex parte Wise, 141 Fla. 222 (Fla. 1940)
- Little v. Sullivan, 173 So. 2d 135 (Fla. 1965)
- Brooks v. PAN Am. Loan Co., Inc., 65 So. 2d 481 (Fla. 1953)