STANDARD OIL CO. OF CALIFORNIA
v.
UNITED STATES
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The Court held that a district court may entertain a Rule 60(b) motion without prior leave from the appellate court.
Movant sought to set aside a prior judgment based on alleged misconduct by government counsel and a witness. Movant filed a motion in the Supreme Cour…
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Per Curiam.
Following an eight-day trial, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California enjoined movant from engaging in certain practices found to violate § 3 of the Sherman Act, 26 Stat. 209, as amended, 15 U.
S. C. § 3. 362 F. Supp. 1331 (1973). The judgment was summarily affirmed by this Court. 412 U. S.
924. Movant now seeks to have the judgment set aside on the basis of alleged misconduct by Government counsel and by a material witness who is now prosecuting a treble-damages action against movant. Preliminarily to filing a motion in the District Court pursuant to Fed. Rule Civ. Proc. 60 (b), movant has filed a motion in this Court requesting that we recall our mandate1 and grant leave to proceed in the District Court.
We hold that the District Court may entertain a Rule 60 (b) motion without leave by this Court. We therefore deny the motion to recall our mandate, without prejudice to Standard Oil’s right to proceed in the District Court. We recognize that in the past both this Court and many Courts of Appeals have required appellate leave before the District Court could reopen a case which had been reviewed on appeal.2 The requirement derived from a belief that an appellate court’s mandate bars the trial court from later disturbing the judgment entered in accordance with the mandate. See In re Potts, 166 U. S. 263 (1897); Butcher & Sherrerd v. Welsh, 206 F. 2d 259, 262 (CA3 1953), cert. denied, 346 U. S. 925 (1954); Home Indemnity Co. of New York v. O’Brien, 112 F. 2d 387, 388 (CA6 1940).
It has also been argued that the appellate-leave requirement protects the finality of the judgment and allows the appellate court to screen out frivolous Rule 60 (b) motions. Tribble v. Bruin, 279 F. 2d 424, 427-428 (CA4 1960); 7 J. Moore, Federal Practice ¶ 60.30 , p. 429 n. 27 (1975).
In our view, the arguments in favor of requiring appellate leave are unpersuasive. Like the original district court judgment, the appellate mandate relates to the record and issues then before the court, and does not purport to deal with possible later events.
Hence, the district judge is not flouting the mandate by acting on the motion. See 11 C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2873, pp. 269-270 (1973). Cf. SEC v. Advance Growth Capital Corp., 539 F. 2d 649, 650 (CA7 1976).
Furthermore, the interest in finality is no more impaired in this situation than in any Rule 60 (b) proceeding.
Finally, we have confidence in the ability of the district courts to recognize frivolous Rule 60 (b) motions. Indeed, the trial court “is in a much better position to pass upon the issues presented in a motion pursuant to Rule 60 (b),” Wilkin v. Sunbeam Corp., 405 F. 2d 165, 166 (CA10 1968). Accord, Wilson Research Corp. v. Piolite Plastics Corp., 336 F. 2d 303, 305 (CA1 1964); 11 Wright & Miller, supra, at 269.
The appellate-leave requirement adds to the delay and expense of litigation and also burdens the increasingly scarce time of the federal appellate courts. We see no reason to continue the existence of this “unnecessary and undesirable clog on the proceedings,” S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. v. Johnson, 175 F. 2d 176, 184 (CA2 1949) (Clark, J., dissenting). We therefore deny the motion to recall because the District Court may take appropriate action without this Court’s leave.
Mr. Justice White took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
It is technically incorrect to refer to our “mandate” because a copy of the judgment was issued in lieu of a mandate. See this Court’s Rule 59 (3). Nevertheless, to avoid confusion with the District Court judgment, we will use the term “mandate” throughout this opinion.
This Court held that appellate leave was required in In re Potts, 166 U. S. 263 (1897), and spoke approvingly of the practice in Hazel-Atlas Co. v. Hartford Co., 322 U. S. 238, 248 (1944).
The appellate-leave requirement has also been approved by several Court of Appeals decisions, in addition to those cited in the paragraph of the text accompanying this footnote. See Wilson Research Corp. v. Piolite Plastics Corp., 336 F. 2d 303, 305 (CA1 1964); Hartman v. Lauchli, 304 F. 2d 431, 432-433 (CA8 1962) (alternative holding).
On the other hand, the Tenth Circuit has rejected the requirement, Kodekey Electronics, Inc. v. Mechanex Corp., 500 F. 2d 110, 112-113 (1974); Wilkin v. Sunbeam Corp., 405 F. 2d 165 (1968), and the Seventh Circuit has recently indicated that it now “would probably not go so far as to hold that appellate leave is necessary whenever relief is sought under Rule 60 (b)(5),” SEC v. Advance Growth Capital Corp., 539 F. 2d 649, 650 (1976).
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Cited By (44 total)
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The Ohio Cas. Grp. v. Parrish, 350 So. 2d 466 (Fla. 1977)…late court which is in the favored position to conduct such a hearing.2 [*469] Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.540(b) closely resembles Federal Rule 60(b). Until the United States Supreme Court rendered its opinion in Standard Oil Co. of California v. United States, 429 U.S. 17, 97 S.Ct. 31, 50 L.Ed.2d 21 (1976), there was a conflict in the federal circuit courts on the same point under review today. The Supreme Court resolved that conflict by holding that appellate leave was not required. In so holding, it stated its expo…
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Sonny Ramey and Vicky Ramey v. Haverty Furniture Cos., Inc., 993 So. 2d 1014 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008)…ently be tolerated consistently with [*1021] the good order of society.” Hazel-Atlas Glass Co. v. Hartford-Empire Co., 322 U.S. 238, 246, 64 S.Ct. 997, 88 L.Ed. 1250 (1944), receded from on other grounds by Standard Oil Co. of Cal. v. United States, 429 U.S. 17, 97 S.Ct. 31, 50 L.Ed.2d 21 (1976). III. Conclusion The trial court properly exercised its discretion in imposing the severe sanction of dismissal for the clearly established severe misconduct of fraud on the court. Affirmed. KELLY, J., Concurs.…
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Travelers Commercial Ins. Co. v. Harrington, 187 So. 3d 879 (Fla. 1st DCA 2016)…. Id. at 468. The supreme court noted that “Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.540(b) closely resembles Federal Rule 60(b).” Id. at 469. It therefore adhered to the pronouncement of the United States Supreme Court in Standard Oil Co. of California v. United States, 429 U.S. 17, 97 S.Ct. 31, 50 L.Ed.2d 21 (1976), wherein the Supreme Court was presented .with a conflict on the same point of law. Our supreme court noted the United States Supreme Court [*887] “resolved that conflict by holding that appellate leave was not req…1 / 2
Previewing 3 of 44 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited (16 total)
- Hazel-Atlas Glass Co. v. Hartford-Empire Co., 322 U.S. 238 (U.S. 1944)
- In re Potts, 166 U.S. 263 (U.S. 1897)
- S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. v. Johnson, 175 F.2d 176 (2d Cir. 1949)
- Butcher & Sherrerd v. Welsh, 206 F.2d 259 (3d Cir. 1953)
- Tribble v. Bruin, 279 F.2d 424 (4th Cir. 1960)
- Hartman v. Lauchli, 304 F.2d 431 (8th Cir. 1962)
- Sec. & Exch. Comm'n v. Advance Growth Cap. Corp., 539 F.2d 649 (7th Cir. 1976)
- Wilson Research Corp. v. Piolite Plastics Corp., 336 F.2d 303 (1st Cir. 1964)
- Alker v. Butcher & Sherrerd, 346 U.S. 925 (U.S. 1954)
- Ferguson v. Skeen, 346 U.S. 925 (U.S. 1954)