COSTELLO ET AL.
v.
WAINWRIGHT, SECRETARY, FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF OFFENDER REHABILITATION, ET AL.
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The Court held that a three-judge court is not required when the challenge is to unconstitutional administrative behavior, even if the remedy might affect duties under concededly constitutional statutes.
Petitioners challenged prison overcrowding as an Eighth Amendment violation. The District Court granted an injunction, but the Court of Appeals vacate…
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Per Curiam.
The motion to strike the brief of the United States as amicus curiae is denied.
Petitioners in this case attacked the overcrowding in Florida’s prisons as violative of the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause of the Eighth Amendment, made applicable to the States by the Fourteenth. A single District Judge found substantial constitutional violations and issued a preliminary injunction ordering the Division of Corrections either to reduce the inmate population or to increase prison capacity. In an en banc decision, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit vacated the District Court’s decision on the ground that only a three-judge court convened in accordance with 28 U.
S. C. § 2281 could order such relief. 539 F. 2d 547 (1976). On its face, the complaint that initiated this case involved no challenge to state statutes or regulations. There was thus no reason at the beginning of this litigation to suspect that a three-judge court should hear the case. See Moody v. Flowers, 387 U. S. 97, 104 (1967); Baxter v. Palmigiano, 425 U. S. 308 (1976); Morales v. Turman, ante, p.
322. In granting equitable relief, however, the District Court contemplated as one means of relieving the prison system’s unconstitutional overcrowding the possibility that state prison officials would have to violate their statutory duty to continue to accept custody of prisoners properly committed to them. The Court of Appeals concluded that such equitable relief could be granted only by a three-judge court, apparently because it viewed the possible temporary suspension of an otherwise valid state statute to effectuate federally mandated relief as equivalent to finding that statute unconstitutional.
We cannot agree. The applicability of § 2281 as written turns on whether a state statute is alleged to be unconstitutional, not on whether an equitable remedy for unconstitutional state administrative behavior ultimately impinges on duties imposed under concededly constitutional state statutes. To hold otherwise would require postponing the threshold question of jurisdiction until the merits of the controversy had been fully resolved and the broad outlines of equitable relief discerned. Section 2281 embodies no such wasteful and uncertain mandate.
Since we conclude that the single District Judge properly exercised full jurisdiction in this case, and that his judgment is, therefore, reviewable on the merits in the Court of Appeals (28 U. S. C. § 1291), the petition for a writ of certiorari and the motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis are granted, the judgment is reversed, and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
It is so ordered.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By (11 total)
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Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337 (U.S. 1981)…81); Delaware, see Anderson v. Redman, 429 F. Supp. 1105 (Del. 1977); Florida, see Costello v. Wainwright, 397 F. Supp. 20 (MD Fla. 1975), aff’d, 525 F. 2d 1239 (CA5), vacated on rehearing on other grounds, 539 F. 2d 547 (CA5 1976) (en banc), rev’d, 430 U. S. 325, aff’d on remand, 553 F. 2d 506 (CA5 1977) (en banc) (per curiam); Georgia, see Guthrie v. Caldwell, No. 3068 (SD Ga., Dec. 1, 1978) (consent decree); Illinois, see Lightfoot v. Walker, 486 F. Supp. 504 (SD Ill. 1980); Iowa, see Watson v. Ray, 90 F.…
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Swain v. Junior, 961 F.3d 1276 (11th Cir. 2020)…("[T]he obligation of [prison officials] to eliminate unconstitutionalities does not depend upon what the Legislature may do . . . ." (quotation marks omitted)), vacated in part on reh’g, 539 F.2d 547 (5th Cir. 1976) (en banc), rev'd, 430 U.S. 325, 97 S. Ct. 1191 (1977), and opinion reinstated, 553 F.2d 506 (5th Cir. 1977). These cases reflect the longstanding rule that, in enforcing state law, officials may not knowingly detain people in jails that fall below the minimum constitutional standard of safety. S…
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Spain v. Procunier, 600 F.2d 189 (9th Cir. 1979)…of the Authority; nor [does] it seek an injunction against the enforcement of any identified rule.” Id. at 313 n.2, 96 S.Ct. at 1555 n.2. See Morales v. Turman, 430 U.S. 322, 97 S.Ct. 1189, 51 L.Ed.2d 368 (1977) (per curiam); Costello v. Wainwright, 430 U.S. 325, 97 S.Ct. 1191, 51 L.Ed.2d 372 (1977) (per cu-riam). In this case, the complaint did not challenge or seek to enjoin any rule or regulation; all that was challenged were the practices of appellants as directed toward the plaintiffs. In Morales v. Tu…
Previewing 3 of 11 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Baxter v. Palmigiano, 425 U.S. 308 (U.S. 1976)
- Moody v. Flowers, 387 U.S. 97 (U.S. 1967)
- Michael v. Costello, 539 F.2d 547 (5th Cir. 1976)