PHILIP MORRIS, INC.

v.

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY OF PUERTO RICO

Citator

Cited By (12 total)

• Ruiz v. Estelle, 679 F.2d 1115 (5th Cir. 1982)
  …1, 663-64 (5th Cir. 1971), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 968, 93 S.Ct. 279, 34 L.Ed.2d 233 (1972). . 503 F.Supp. at 1367. . Id. . Id. at 1367-68. . Id. at 1368. . Id. at 1369, 1372 & n.207. . Lewis v. Hyland, 554 F. 2d 93, 98 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 931, 98 S.Ct. 419, 54 L.Ed.2d 291 (1977). . Campbell v. McGruder, 580 F. 2d at 526; see Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362, 96 S.Ct. 598, 46 L.Ed.2d at 561 (1976). . See Dimarzo v. Cahill, 575 F. 2d at 17-18. . Cf. Little v. Walker, 552 F. 2d 193, 197 (7th…
• Turpin v. Mailet, 619 F.2d 196 (2d Cir. 1980)
  …ay not be held liable unless he affirmatively participates in, encourages or directs the commission of illegal acts, e. g., Coffy v. Multi-County Narcotics Bureau, 600 F. 2d 570 (6th Cir. 1979); Lewis v. Hyland, 554 F. 2d 93 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 931, 98 S.Ct. 419, 54 L.Ed.2d 291 (1977); Kostka v. Hogg, 560 F. 2d 37 (1st Cir. 1977), others have permitted recovery if the supervisor’s failure to act is blameworthy. See, Little v. Walker, 552 F. 2d 193 (7th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 932, 9…
• Black v. Stephens, 662 F.2d 181 (3d Cir. 1981)
  …n the degree to which [the police chief] participated in a pattern of violation by virtue of knowledge, acquiescence, support and encouragement.” Porter, at 321. As Judge Garth emphasized in Lewis v. Hyland, 554 F. 2d 93, 98 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 931, 98 S.Ct. 419, 54 L.Ed.2d 291 (1977), the “mere invocation of the ‘pattern’ or ‘plan’ [will] not suffice without this causal link.” Id. citing Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362, 375-77, 96 S.Ct. 598, 606-07, 46 L.Ed.2d 561 (1975). Cf. Maclin v. Paulson,…

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