HAWKINS

v.

UNITED STATES

Citator

Cited By

• United States v. Sch. Dist. OF Ferndale, 577 F.2d 1339 (6th Cir. 1978)
  …hborhood school’ concept has not been maintained free of manipulation.” Keyes v. School District No. 1, 413 U.S. 189, 212, 93 S.Ct. 2686, 2699, 37 L.Ed.2d 548 (1973). See N.A.A.C.P. v. Lansing Bd. of Ed., 559 F. 2d 1042, 1049 (6th Cir.), cert. den., 434 U.S. 997, 98 S.Ct. 635, 54 L.Ed.2d 491 (1977). The United States alleges just such “manipulation” in this case. On the issue of irreparable harm to the Plaintiff the District Court indicated that [*1353] individual black elementary students could avoid the…
• Penick v. Columbus Bd. OF Educ., 583 F.2d 787 (6th Cir. 1978)
  …93 S.Ct. 2686, 37 L.Ed.2d 548 (1973); Davis v. School Dist. of City of Pontiac, Inc., 443 F. 2d 573 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 913, 92 S.Ct. 233, 30 L.Ed.2d 186 (1971); NAACP v. Lansing Bd. of Educ., 559 F. 2d 1042 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 997, 98 S.Ct. 635, 54 L.Ed.2d 491 (1977). V THE COLUMBUS SCHOOLS AFTER 1954 (a) Pupil Assignment. In Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd. of Educ., supra, Chief Justice Burger, for a unanimous Court, spelled out the factors which identify a school as a…
• Riddick v. The Sch. Bd. OF the City OF Norfolk, 784 F.2d 521 (4th Cir. 1986)
  …to be an act of segregation for a school board which has been found to have practiced de jure segregation and has not completed the transition from a dual to a unitary school system. NAACP v. Lansing Bd. of Ed., 559 F. 2d 1042 (6th Cir.), cert. den. 434 U.S. 997, 98 S.Ct. 635, 54 L.Ed.2d 491 (1977). In a school system that has not become unitary, the school board is not barred from ever changing a desegregation plan. In such a situation, however, the board must show that the proposed changes are consistent…