ROBERT J. GALASSO, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE; JOSEPH A. MANCUSI, APPELLANT, V. STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
Two defendants were convicted of unlawful possession and cultivation of marijuana. The Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed and remanded for a new trial, holding that the trial court erred in admitting testimony about the defendants' silence in response to police questioning, which violated the Miranda decision's prohibition on penalizing exercise of the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination.
The court held that the admission of testimony regarding the defendants' silence was reversible error under Miranda. Any evidence that a defendant in custody remained silent is inadmissible where such silence tends to penalize the defendant for exercising his right to remain silent, whether the silence occurs in response to a specific accusation or not. The general jury instruction given by the trial court did not cure the prejudicial effect of the testimony because it neither specifically related to the objectionable testimony nor closely followed it in time.
“Any evidence to the effect that a defendant in custody remained silent is inadmissible where such evidence tends to penalize the defendant for having exercised his right to remain silent, whether such silence is in the face of a specific accusation or not.”
Establishes the core holding that Miranda prohibits use of silence evidence regardless of whether it responds to a specific accusation
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceOn May 24, 1966, narcotics officers executed an arrest warrant and search warrant at an apartment in Vero Beach occupied by defendants Galasso and Man…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Unlawful Possession Of A Narcotic Drug cases and more on FLexlaw
The defendants, Robert J. Galasso and Joseph A. Mancusi, appellants here, were charged with the unlawful possession and cultivation of a narcotic drug under Sections 398.03 and 398.04, F.S.1965, F.S.A. They were tried jointly in the Circuit Court for Indian River County. The trial began on June 27, 1966. The jury returned separate verdicts of guilty as to each defendant on each count of the information, and the defendants were separately adjudged and sentenced by the trial court on the 21st day of July, 1966. Each defendant appealed from the pertinent judgment and the appeals have been consolidated.
During the course of the trial, a stipulation was made in open court by the assistant state’s attorney that an objection by either of the defendants would be considered as having been made by both.
The defendants assert that the trial court erred in the admission of several items of evidence, but in view of our disposition of the case, only one will be discussed.
The record indicates that on May 24, 1966, Mr. James B. Powers, a narcotics inspector with the Florida State Board of Health, went to an apartment occupied by the defendants in the City of Vero Beach accompanied by a detective from the police department of the City of Vero Beach and Lem Brumley, Jr., an investigator from the Indian River County Sheriff’s Department. Upon arrival at the apartment, the officers served on the defendants a warrant for their arrests and a search warrant pursuant to *47which the officers searched the apartment. During the course of the search, one of the officers came across an envelope containing about four ounces of suspected marijuana and handed the envelope to Mr. Powers. Thereafter, Mr. Powers, the defendants, and the officers went out behind the apartment and examined a garden patch in which cannabis plants, commonly known as marijuana, were found growing.
After the close of the state’s case in chief, the defendant Joseph Mancusi took the stand in his own behalf and testified that he thought the plants which he had protected and cultivated by watering were oregano, not marijuana. The defendant Galasso did not testify.
The state called Mr. Lem Brumley, Jr., as a rebuttal witness. By the following questions and answers, Mr. Brumley related what occurred in the defendants’ apartment when the envelope containing the suspected marijuana was found and given to Mr. Powers:
“Q What, if anything, did the Defendant Mancusi say to you concerning this packet sitting on the dresser ?
“ * * *
“A Mr. Powers examined the packet there that had the marijuana in it and he turned around and he made a statement to the effect, he says ‘Look here, boys,'—
“[Objection by defendants.]
“BY THE COURT:
“Q Were the defendants there at the time?
“A Yes, sir.
“THE COURT: The objection is overruled.
“A He said, ‘Look here, boys, look what I fotmd; whose is this?’ And Ga-lasso, they were both sitting on a bed there and Galasso said, ‘Some man. Don’t say anything.’ And that is all that was said.” (Emphasis added.)
The defendants promptly moved to strike the answer given by Officer Brumley, and the motion was denied. In our opinion this testimony was inadmissible as to both defendants and should have been stricken.
The admissibility of the quoted testimony is controlled by the decision of the United States Supreme Court in the case of Miranda v. State of Arizona, 1966, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed. 694. That decision establishes guidelines which must be followed by officers to protect an accused person in the exercise of his privilege against self-incrimination established by the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States while he is held in custody or otherwise deprived of his freedom of action in any significant way. As a corollary to its holding, the Court in Miranda v. State of Arizona ruled that it is impermissible to penalize an individual for exercising his right to remain silent when he is under police custodial interrogation. In footnote 37 of its opinion, the Court stated:
“In accord with our decision today, it is impermissible to penalize an individual for exercising his Fifth Amendment privilege when he is under police custodial interrogation. The prosecution may not, therefore, use at trial the fact that he stood mute or claimed his privilege in the face of accusation.”
The purpose in the ruling in Miranda v. State of Arizona is to guarantee full effectuation of the privilege against self-incrimination, Johnson v. State of New Jersey, 1966, 384 U.S. 719, 86 S.Ct. 1772, 16 L.Ed. 882.
The state argues that the question put by Mr. Powers to the defendants, to-wit: “Look here, boys, look what I found; whose is this ?”, was not accusatory and, therefore, evidence of the question and the defendants’ silence in response thereto is not prohibited by the Miranda decision. This is an unduly *48restrictive interpretation and is one which in our opinion is inconsistent with the express language of the decision as well as its purpose. Any evidence to the effect that a defendant in custody remained silent is inadmissible where such evidence tends to penalize the defendant for having exercised his right to remain silent, whether such silence is in the face of a specific accusation or not. That was the effect of the testimony by Officer Brumley because the defendants’ silence in the face of Mr. Powers’ question relating to the marijuana found in the apartment at least implied an involvement in the illegal possession and cultivation of marijuana.'
The ruling in the Miranda decision to the effect that it is impermissible to penalize an individual who while in police custody exercises his privilege against self-incrimination by remaining silent, prohibits the admission of testimony relating to the silence of a defendant during the investigatory stages of a criminal case, even though the defendant later chooses to take the stand at the trial and testify in his own behalf, cf. Jones v. State, Fla.App.1967, 200 So.2d 574, 576. To permit the use of such testimony would penalize the defendant for having remained silent at the investigatory stage because evidence of such silence tends to derogate his testimony at trial .and also implies guilt.1
The state argues that an instruction given by the trial court during the charge to the jury cured any error in the admission of the testimony. The charge, which was merely a general statement to the effect that an accused individual when apprehended has no duty to speak, neither specifically related to the objectionable testimony nor closely followed it in point of time. Under these circumstances, it is our view that the charge did not cure the prejudicial effect of the testimony, Wilson v. State, 1938, 134 Fla. 199, 183 So. 748.
The defendants also assert that the warrant issued for the search of their apartment was not based on an affidavit sufficient to show probable cause and, therefore, the evidence obtained by the search was inadmissible. We have examined the affidavit on which the warrant was issued and hold it sufficient to show probable cause.
The judgments and sentences appealed from are reversed and the cause remanded for a new trial.
WALDEN, C. J., and CROSS, J., concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
-
State v. Galasso, 217 So. 2d 326 (Fla. 1968)…ation of marijuana. After a jury trial, verdicts were returned against each of the respondents on both [*327] counts charged. On appeal the Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed and remanded both respondents for a new trial. See Galasso v. State, 207 So. 2d 45 (Fla. 4th DCA 1968). The State thereafter filed its petition for writ of certiorari to this Court alleging direct conflict between the District Court’s decision and the Supreme Court’s prior decisions on the same point of law in State v. Hines, 195…
-
Willinsky v. State, 360 So. 2d 760 (Fla. 1978)…tes are not limited to arrest, but apply at any stage where the right to silence is protected. This Court adopted these views by accepting jurisdiction in State v. Galasso, 217 So. 2d 326 (Fla.1968) on the basis of conflict between Galasso v. State, 207 So. 2d 45 (Fla. 4th DCA 1967) and State v. Hines, supra. In State v. Galasso, supra, this Court said: “ . .on its face the decision of the District Court of Appeal is clearly and admittedly in direct conflict on the same point of law with the decision of thi…
-
Breniser v. State, 267 So. 2d 23 (Fla. 4th DCA 1972)…iming the privilege to remain silent. In State v. Galasso, Fla. 1968, 217 So. 2d 326, our Supreme Court expressly approved the following language of the opinion which Judge Reed authored for this court in the case of Galasso v. State, Fla.App. 1968, 207 So. 2d 45, at 48: “The ruling in the Miranda decision to the effect that it is impermissible to penalize an individual who while in police custody exercises his privilege against self-incrimination by remaining silent, prohibits the admission of testimony re…
Previewing 3 of 7 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (U.S. 1966)
- Johnson v. New Jersey, 384 U.S. 719 (U.S. 1966)
- Jones v. State, 200 So. 2d 574 (Fla. 3d DCA 1967)
- Wilson v. State, 134 Fla. 199 (Fla. 1938)
- State v. Major Hines, 195 So. 2d 550 (Fla. 1967)