MICHIGAN

v.

GARDNER

Citator

Cited By (67 total)

• MCI Commc'ns Corp. & MCI Telecomms. Corp. v. Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., 708 F.2d 1081 (7th Cir. 1983)
  …perior product, business acumen, or historic accident. United States v. Grinnell, 384 U.S. 563, 570-71, 86 S.Ct. 1698, 1703-1704, 16 L.Ed.2d 778 (1966); see Berkey Photo, Inc. v. Eastman Kodak Co., 603 F. 2d 263, 274-76 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1093, 100 S.Ct. 1061, 62 L.Ed.2d 783 (1980). Cases dealing with non-regulated industries have developed a number of analytic tools designed to aid courts in identifying each of these elements. In many instances, however, these tools are of only limited v…

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• Litton Sys., Inc. v. Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., 700 F.2d 785 (2d Cir. 1983)
  …as this one.19 In asking the jury to specify whether it found each of the alleged predatory practices to have been proved, the trial court was merely following Berkey Photo, Inc. v. Eastman Kodak Co., 603 F. 2d 263, 299 (2d Cir.1979), cert, denied, 444 U.S. 1093,100 S.Ct. 1061, 62 L.Ed.2d 783 (1980). For whatever reason, the jury did not agree unanimously on two interrogatories and the proximate cause component of the attempted monopolization charge. There was nothing unusual, much less erroneous, in the tr…
• LOS Angeles Mem'l Coliseum Comm'n v. Nat'l Football League, 726 F.2d 1381 (9th Cir. 1984)
  …Lektro-Vend, 660 F. 2d at 265. This is a pertinent factor in all rule of reason cases. See Betaseed, Inc. v. U & I Inc., 681 F. 2d 1203, 1228-30 (9th Cir.1982); Berkey Photo, Inc. v. Eastman Kodak Co., 603 F. 2d 263, 303 (2d Cir.1979), cert, denied, 444 U.S. 1093, 100 S.Ct. 1061, 62 L.Ed.2d 783 (1980). Here, the district court correctly instructed the jury to take into account the existence of less restrictive alternatives when determining the reasonableness of Rule 4.3’s territorial restraint. 32 T.R.2d at…