GROSS

v.

UNITED STATES

Citator

Cited By

• United States v. Hewes, 729 F.2d 1302 (11th Cir. 1984)
  …ents as unpaid creditors knew about these problems. The important aspect of the letters was the implicit promise they contained that Rekeus would pay its predecessors’ debts. See United States v. Habel, 613 F. 2d 1321, 1325 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 447 U.S. 925, 100 S.Ct. 3018, 65 L.Ed.2d 1117 (1980). Finally, the failure of the letters actually to lull all of Rekcus’s creditors does not relieve the appellants of criminal liability. Success of the fraudulent scheme is not an element of a Section 1341 offe…
• United States v. Aitken, 755 F.2d 188 (1st Cir. 1985)
  …101 S.Ct. 1360, 67 L.Ed.2d 342] (1981), citing United States v. Barker, 546 F. 2d 940, 948 (D.C.Cir.1976) and United States v. Moore, 586 F. 2d 1029, 1033 (4th Cir.1978); United States v. Neff, 615 F. 2d 1235, 1241 n. 6 (9th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 447 U.S. 925 [100 S.Ct. 3018, 65 L.Ed.2d 1117] (1980)." . We note that the Seventh Circuit seems to have embraced the subjective standard before and after Moore. Two weeks before Moore was decided, a panel declared a reasonableness charge by the same trial judg…
• United States v. Stull, 743 F.2d 439 (6th Cir. 1984)
  …ting the potential for harm from the excursion. See United States v. Freeman, 619 F. 2d 1112 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 910, 101 S.Ct. 1348, 67 L.Ed.2d 334 (1981); United States v. Habel, 613 F. 2d 1321, 1325-26 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 447 U.S. 925, 100 S.Ct. 3018, 65 L.Ed.2d 1117 (1980). Mooradian testified that the defendants had worked with postal inspectors to clear up any areas that clients might misunderstand, and had removed certain statements from their materials. Stull Jr. also elicit…