FREEMAN

v.

UNITED STATES

Citator

Cited By (64 total)

• Brown v. State, 484 So. 2d 1324 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986)
  ….Ct. 491, 74 L.Ed.2d 633 (1982); see, e.g., United States v. Jannotti, 673 F. 2d 578, 607 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1106, 102 S.Ct. 2906, 73 L.Ed.2d 1315 (1982); United States v. Bagnariol, 665 F. 2d 877, 882-83 (9th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 962, 102 S.Ct. 2040, 72 L.Ed.2d 487 (1982); People v. Isaacson, 44 N.Y.2d 511, 519-24, 406 N.Y. S.2d 714, 718-21, 378 N.E. 2d 78, 82-84 (1978). Characterization of the government’s conduct “turns upon the totality of the circumstances with' no single fa…
• United States v. Ramirez, 710 F.2d 535 (9th Cir. 1988)
  …ent agents engineer and direct the criminal enterprise from start to finish. The due process defense, while potentially broad, has in fact been severely restricted. See United States v. Bagnariol, 665 F. 2d 877, 881-83 (9th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 962, 102 S.Ct. 2040, 72 L.Ed.2d 487 (1982) (tracing development of the defense both in this circuit and in the Supreme Court). Prosecution is barred “only when the government’s conduct is so grossly shocking and so outrageous as to violate the universal…
• United States v. Norton, 867 F.2d 1354 (11th Cir. 1989)
  …stries.3 Where, as here, the “very nature of the powers and duties” conferred upon the enterprise is interstate in character, the requisite interstate nexus is present. Cf. United States v. Bagnariol, 665 F. 2d 877, 893 (9th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 962, 102 S.Ct. 2040, 72 L.Ed.2d 487 (1982); United States v. Altomare, 625 F. 2d 5, 7-8 (4th Cir.1980). The requirement also is met if the enterprise affects interstate commerce, even though it is the racketeering activities that influence commerce. U…