PACIFIC GAS & ELECTRIC CO. ET AL.

v.

STATE ENERGY RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION ET AL.

Citator

Cited By (21 total)

• Pac. GAS & Elec. Co. v. State Energy Res. Conservation & Dev. Comm'n, 461 U.S. 190 (U.S. 1983)
  …lly exercised by the States and expressly preserved by the federal statute.12 We granted certiorari limited to the questions of whether §§25524.1(b) and 25524.2 are ripe for judicial review, and whether they are pre-empted by the Atomic Energy Act. 457 U. S. 1132 (1982). II We agree that the- challenge to § 25524.2 is ripe for judicial review, but that the questions concerning §25524.1(b) are not. The basic rationale of the ripeness doctrine “is to prevent the courts, through avoidance of premature adjudic…
• United States v. Boylan, 898 F.2d 230 (1st Cir. 1990)
  …tes v. Kattar, 840 F. 2d 118, 124 n. 4 (1st Cir.1988); United States v. Dozier, 672 F. 2d 531, 542 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 943, 103 S.Ct. 256, 74 L.Ed.2d 200 (1982); United States v. Scacchetti, 668 F. 2d 643, 649 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1132, 102 S.Ct. 2957, 73 L.Ed.2d 1349 (1982); cf. Sturm, 870 F. 2d at 775 (rejecting “purely objective” definitions which contained “no reference to the defendant’s state of mind”). Furthermore, the charge as a whole made it plain that the definitions ap…
• United States v. Aguon, 851 F.2d 1158 (9th Cir. 1988)
  …he orbit of Section 1951 of Title 18” is not erroneous if properly qualified by surrounding language making a correlation between the payor’s motivation and the payee’s conduct. See United States v. Scacchetti, 668 F. 2d 643 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1132, 102 S.Ct. 2957, 73 L.Ed.2d 1349 (1982). No such language qualified the instruction here. We hold that proof that the defendant “induced” the improper payment is an essential element in the crime of extortion and that “inducement” can be in the ove…