CALIFORNIA

v.

RUGGLES

Citator

Cited By

• Spaulding v. Univ. OF Wash., 740 F.2d 686 (9th Cir. 1984)
  …Reserve Bank of Richmond, 698 F. 2d 633, 645 (4th Cir. 1983), we are still sobered by warnings that statistical evidence has an “inherently slippery nature,” Wilkins v. University of Houston, 654 F. 2d 388, 395 (5th Cir.1981), vacated and remanded, 459 U.S. 809, 103 S.Ct. 34, 74 L.Ed.2d 47 (1982), aff'd on remand, 695 F. 2d 134 (5th Cir.1983), and “can be exaggerated, oversimplified, or distorted to create support for a position that is not otherwise supported by the evidence.” Note, Judicial Refinement of…
• Equal Emp. Opportunity Comm'n v. Sears, 839 F.2d 302 (7th Cir. 1988)
  …ons in question],’ strong evidence of individual instances of discrimination becomes vital to the plaintiff’s case.” (bracketed material in original) (quoting Wilkins v. University of Houston, 654 F. 2d 388, 410 (5th Cir. Unit A Dec. 1981), vacated, 459 U.S. 809, 103 S.Ct. 34, 74 L.Ed.2d 47 (1982)). When experts disagree, as they did here, the court may need the help of live witnesses to relate their actual experiences. The EEOC’s reasons for not presenting such individual testimony are not satisfying. T…