STERNGASS ET AL.

v.

BOWMAN ET AL.

Citator

Cited By (19 total)

• Harper & Row v. Nation Enters., 471 U.S. 539 (U.S. 1985)
  …es to matters of high public concern.” Consumers Union of the United States, Inc. v. General Signal Corp., 724 F. 2d 1044, 1050 (CA2 1983) (construing 723 F. 2d 195 (1983) (case below) as allowing advertiser to quote Consumer Reports), cert. denied, 469 U. S. 823 (1984). Respondents advance the substantial public import of the subject matter of the Ford memoirs as grounds for excusing a use that would ordinarily not pass muster as a fair use — the piracy of verbatim quotations for the purpose of “scooping”…
• Cheryll Gray v. Lacke, 885 F.2d 399 (7th Cir. 1989)
  …of Gray’s petition-clause claims, could also be protected by her right to freedom of speech. See Renfroe v. Kirkpatrick, 722 F. 2d 714, 715 (11th Cir.) (referring to the filing of a grievance as speech and applying a speech analysis), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823, 105 S.Ct. 98, 83 L.Ed.2d 44 (1984). However, since the analysis for an alleged petition-clause deprivation is identical to that for free speech, our results would necessarily have to be the same.…
• Hatcher v. Bd. OF Pub. Educ. & Orphanage FOR Bibb Cnty., 809 F.2d 1546 (11th Cir. 1987)
  …employment action, the burden shifts to the defendant to show by a preponderance of the evidence that the adverse action would have occurred in the absence of the protected speech. In Renfroe v. Kirkpatrick, 722 F. 2d 714 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 823, 105 S.Ct. 98, 83 L.Ed.2d 44 (1984), we held that the first step in assessing a public employee's free speech claim is to determine whether the speech was related to a matter of public concern. Finding that the employee’s speech was not related to a…