ARIZONA WESTERN COLLEGE DISTRICT GOVERNING BOARD ET AL.

v.

COOPER ET AL.

Citator

Cited By (54 total)

• City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469 (U.S. 1989)
  …nd local minority set-aside provisions under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. See, e. g., South Florida Chapter, Associated General Contractors of America, Inc. v. Metropolitan Dade County, 723 F. 2d 846 (CA11), cert. denied, 469 U. S. 871 (1984); Ohio Contractors Assn. v. Keip, 713 F. 2d 167 (CA6 1983). Since our decision two Terms ago in Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education, 476 U. S. 267 (1986), the lower federal courts have attempted to apply its standards in evaluating the consti…
• Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (U.S. 1995)
  …v. New Orleans, 729 F. 2d 1554, 1567 (CA5 1984) (en banc) (Hig-ginbotham, J., concurring specially); South Florida Chapter of Associated General Contractors of America, Inc. v. Metropolitan Dade County, Fla., 723 F. 2d 846, 851 (CA11), cert. denied, 469 U. S. 871 (1984). The Court resolved the issue, at least in part, in 1989. Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co., 488 U. S. 469 (1989), concerned a [*222] city’s determination that 30% of its contracting work should go to minority-owned businesses. A majority of the…
• Coventry v. United States Steel Corp. Pa. Human Relations Comm'n, 856 F.2d 514 (3d Cir. 1988)
  …adio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc., 401 U.S. 321, 329, 91 S.Ct. 795, 801, 28 L.Ed.2d 77 (1971); Howze v. Jones & Laughlin Steel, 750 F. 2d 1208, 1212 (3d Cir.1984); Boileau v. Bethlehem Steel Corp., 730 F. 2d 929, 938-39 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 871, 105 S.Ct. 221, 83 L.Ed.2d 150 (1984). Absent an “apparent or declared” reason for the denial, the leave to amend “should, as the rules require, be ‘freely given.’ ” Foman, 371 U.S. at 182, 83 S.Ct. at 230 (quoting Fed.R. Civ.P. 15(a)). See also…