GIVENS

v.

UNITED STATES

Citator

Cited By (19 total)

• Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co., 497 U.S. 1 (U.S. 1990)
  …ected as the opinions of the writer. . . . The plain import of the author’s assertions is that Milkovich, inter alia, committed the crime of perjury in a court of law.” Id., at 298-299, 473 N. E. 2d, at 1196-1197. This Court again denied certiorari. 474 U. S. 953 (1985). Meanwhile, Superintendent Scott had been pursuing a separate defamation action through the Ohio courts. Two years after its Milkovich decision, in considering Scott’s appeal, the Ohio Supreme Court reversed its position on Diadiun’s article…

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• Harris v. Vasquez, 913 F.2d 606 (9th Cir. 1990)
• United States v. Gonzalez-Sandoval, 894 F.2d 1043 (9th Cir. 1990)
  …priate and should be upheld. Although not constitutionally mandated, "retroactive application of judicial decisions is the rule and not the exception." Kane, 876 F. 2d at 735-36; United States v. Givens, 767 F. 2d 574, 578 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 953, 106 S.Ct. 321, 88 L.Ed.2d 304 (1985). The SRA went into effect on November 11, 1987. The Ninth Circuit declared the Guidelines unconstitutional on August 23, 1988. Gubiensio-Ortiz v. Kanahele, 857 F. 2d 1245 (9th Cir.1988). On January 18, 1989, the…