ARMSTRONG ET AL.

v.

THOMAS ET AL.

Citator

Cited By

• United States v. Gomez-Pabon, 911 F.2d 847 (1st Cir. 1990)
  …t the substantive offense.” United States v. Rivera-Santiago, 872 F. 2d 1073, 1079 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 109 S.Ct. 3227, 106 L.Ed.2d 576 (1989); see also United States v. Alemany Rivera, 781 F. 2d 229, 234 (1st Cir.1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1086, 106 S.Ct. 1469, 89 L.Ed.2d 725 (1986). Such proof may consist of circumstantial evidence, including inferences from surrounding circumstances, such as acts committed by the defendant that furthered the conspiracy’s purposes. See, e.g., United Sta…
• United States v. Perkins, 926 F.2d 1271 (1st Cir. 1991)
  …reversed only upon the appellant’s maintenance of the heavy burden of showing substantial prejudice as a result of joint trial, amounting to a miscarriage of justice. United States v. Alemany Rivera, 781 F. 2d 229, 238 (1st Cir.1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1086, 106 S.Ct. 1469, 89 L.Ed.2d 725 (1986); United States v. Bautista, 731 F. 2d 97, 99-100 (1st Cir.1984); United States v. Arruda, 715 F. 2d 671, 679 (1st Cir.1983). Lois Perkins claims, first, that there was prejudice because her husband would have…
• United States v. Figueroa, 832 F.2d 691 (1st Cir. 1987)
  …and v. United States, 348 U.S. 121, 139-40, 75 S.Ct. 127, 137-38, 99 L.Ed. 150 (1954). United States v. Drougas, 748 F. 2d 8, 15 (1st Cir.1984). In United States v. Alemany Rivera, 781 F. 2d 229, 234 (1st Cir.1985) (citation omitted), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1086, 106 S.Ct. 1469, 89 L.Ed.2d 125 (1986), we added the following gloss: “As Drou-gas makes clear, agreement and intent need not be proven by direct evidence; they may be inferred circumstantially. Furthermore, a conspiratorial agreement need not be ex…