TOWN OF HUNTINGTON ET AL.

v.

STONE, SECRETARY OF THE ARMY, ET AL.

Citator

Cited By

• State v. COX, 627 So. 2d 1210 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993)
  …seems to apply a rational basis test. In the federal courts, neither homosexual orientation nor homosexual conduct has been determined to be a class requiring strict scrutiny review. Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F. 2d 454 (7th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004, 110 S.Ct. 1296, 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990); High Tech Gays v. Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office, 895 F. 2d 563 (9th Cir.1990); Pruitt v. Cheney, 963 F. 2d 1160 (9th Cir.1991), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 655, 121 L.Ed.2d 581 (1992).9 W…

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• Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (U.S. 1996)
  …licy, but instead because the general policy of discharging all homosexuals is rational.” Beller v. Middendorf, 632 F. 2d 788, 808-809, n. 20 (CA9 1980) (citation omitted). See also Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F. 2d 454, 464 (CA7 1989), cert. denied, 494 U. S. 1004 (1990). Moreover, even if the provision regarding homosexual “orientation” were invalid, respondents’ challenge to Amendment 2 — which is a facial challenge — must fail. “A facial challenge to a legislative Act is, of course, the most difficult cha…
• Maynard v. Cent. Intelligence Agency, 986 F.2d 547 (1st Cir. 1993)
  …zed disclosure," is an Exemption 3 statute because it specifies the types of material to be withheld under subpart (B) of the Exemption. 471 U.S. at 167-68, 105 S.Ct. at 1886-87; accord Knight v. CIA, 872 F. 2d 660, 663 (5th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004, 110 S.Ct. 1296, 108 L.Ed.2d 474 (1990); Miller v. Casey, 730 F. 2d 773, 777 (D.C.Cir.1984). In answering the second question— whether the requested information is included within the statute’s “protection”— this court has stated that, once a cour…