RAY

v.

UNITED STATES SENATE ET AL.

Citator

Cited By

• United States v. Clipper, 973 F.2d 944 (D.C. Cir. 1992)
  …own and the removal of a bulky object from Clipper’s pocket. [*952] The fact that Officer Bonner had drawn her weapon does not alter our conclusion that the encounter was a stop. In United States v. Laing, 889 F. 2d 281 (D.C.Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1069, 110 S.Ct. 1790, 108 L.Ed.2d 792 (1990), we upheld a detention at gunpoint as a Terry stop, not an arrest. We found that the officers had “reasonably believe[d]” the use of guns was necessary for their safety and that of others. Id. at 285. See also…
• United States v. Contreras, 950 F.2d 232 (5th Cir. 1991)
  …ce belt off; is that correct? A; Yes, sir. Q: So he never did really threaten you? A: No, sir. . The defendant cites United States v. Payero, 888 F. 2d 928, 929 (1st Cir.1989); United States v. Laing, 889 F. 2d 281, 289 (D.C.Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1069, 110 S.Ct. 1790, 108 L.Ed.2d 792 (1990); and United States v. Power, 881 F. 2d 733, 736 (9th Cir.1989), for the proposition that a weapon must be hidden to embolden a defendant. These cases involved situations in which the weapon happened to be hidd…
• United States v. Parris Raymond Jefferson, 974 F.2d 201 (D.C. Cir. 1992)
  …r prior cases recognize that evidence of the past use of the weapon can help establish the necessary nexus. For example, in United States v. Laing, 889 F. 2d 281, 286, 289 (D.C.Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1008, 110 S.Ct. 1306, 108 L.Ed.2d 482, 494 U.S. 1069, 110 S.Ct. 1790, 108 L.Ed.2d 792 (1990), we upheld the convictions of two defendants under section 924(c) based, in part, on evidence of their past use of a handgun and machine gun in connection with their drug activities. Similarly, in affirming th…