MCGINNIS

v.

ROSE

Citator

Cited By

• Ensley Branch v. Seibels, 31 F.3d 1548 (11th Cir. 1994)
  …is widely accepted as compelling. See, e.g., Wygant v. Jackson Bd. of Educ., 476 U.S. 267, 286, 106 S.Ct. 1842, 1853, 90 L.Ed.2d 260 (1986) (O’Connor, J., concurring); Cone Corp. v. Hillsborough County, 908 F. 2d 908, 916 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 983, 111 S.Ct. 516, 112 L.Ed.2d 528 (1990); Howard v. McLucas, 871 F. 2d 1000, 1006-08 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1002, 110 S.Ct. 560, 107 L.Ed.2d 555 (1989). As a result, the true test of an affirmative action program is usually not the natu…

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• Peightal v. Metro. Dade Cnty., 26 F.3d 1545 (11th Cir. 1994)
  …9). Accordingly, in assessing the propriety of any classification based upon race in an affirmative action plan, we are required to conduct a strict scrutiny analysis. Cone Corp. v. Hillsborough County, 908 F. 2d 908, 913 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 983, 111 S.Ct. 516, 112 L.Ed.2d 528 (1990). See Croson, 488 U.S. at 494, 109 S.Ct. at 721 (plurality of four Justices) (“reaffirming] the view expressed by the plurality in Wygant [v. Jackson Bd. of Educ., 476 U.S. 267, 106 S.Ct. 1842, 90 L.Ed.2d 260…

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• In re Birmingham Reverse Discrimination Employment Litigation. James A. Bennett v. Arrington, 20 F.3d 1525 (11th Cir. 1994)
  …t. at 724-28; cf. Cone Corp. v. Hillsborough County, 908 F. 2d 908, 913 (11th Cir.) (noting that the Croson plurality intimated that local governments could enact race-conscious remedies “to redress clear instances of discrimination”), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 983, 111 S.Ct. 516, 112 L.Ed.2d 528 (1990). It is, however, a necessity that some finding be made that the City engaged in past discrimination, in order to allow for proper judicial review of the City’s use of race in its affirmative action plan. See…