CATHERINE CRAVEN, APPELLANT,
v.
J. M. FIELDS, INC., APPELLEE
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This interlocutory appeal addresses whether an insufficiently detailed sheriff's return of service renders a judgment void or merely voidable. The Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed the trial court's order vacating a default judgment and jury verdict in a defamation action, holding that although the original return was irregular, it provided adequate notice to the defendant, making the judgment voidable rather than void and thus not subject to attack more than one year after entry.
The court held that although the original sheriff's return was irregular, it was not so defective as to amount to no notice; therefore, the judgment was voidable rather than void. A judgment based on an irregular return that actually gives the defendant notice is not void but merely voidable and must be attacked promptly under the rules of civil procedure. Since J. M. Fields failed to timely challenge the service defect and allowed a default and judgment to be entered without opposition, it could not attack the judgment more than one year later based on an irregularity in the return.
“If the original service or the return is so defective as to amount to no notice, the judgment must be deemed void. However, if the service or return is irregular but actually gives the defendant notice of the action or proceeding, a judgment based thereon has been held not to be void but merely voidable.”
Establishes the fundamental distinction between void and voidable judgments based on the adequacy of notice, which is central to the appeal.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceCatherine Craven filed a defamation lawsuit against J. M. Fields, Inc. on April 27, 1967. The sheriff's return indicated service on H. R. Pearson as M…
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This is an interlocutory appeal by the appellant-plaintiff, Catherine Craven, from an order vacating and setting aside a final judgment entered in her favor against the appellee-defendant, J. M. Fields, Inc., in a cause of action in defamation. We reverse.
On April 27, 1967, Catherine Craven filed a lawsuit against J. M. Fields, Inc., in defamation. The Sheriff of Palm Beach County, Florida, executed and filed his return pertaining to the summons as follows :
“Received this writ on the 27th day of April, A.D. 1967, and served same on J. M. Fields, Inc., a corporation, the within named defendant, in Palm Beach County, Florida, at 11:15 A.M. on the 28th day of April A.D. 1967, by delivering a true copy of the writ with the date and hour of service endorsed thereon by me, and a copy of plaintiff’s initial pleading as furnished by the plaintiff, to H. R. Pearson as Manager in the absence of the President and all other officers of J. M. Fields, Inc., a corp.”
J. M. Fields, Inc., failed to file any pleadings in the cause or to appear in any manner, and a default judgment was subsequently entered against it. The case was thereafter placed on the trial calendar in the usual manner as provided' by the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, and came on for trial before a jury on September 7, 1967, which resulted in a jury verdict in favor of Catherine Craven. Thereafter, on September 11, 1967, final judgment was entered for the plaintiff.
J. M. Fields, Inc., on October 25, 1968, moved to vacate and set aside the final judgment on the ground the original return, upon which a default and the subsequent final judgment were entered, was defective in that it failed to establish the absence of corporate directors before the summons and complaint were served upon defendant’s manager. In an effort to correct the error, an amended return by the sheriff was filed containing the following wording:
“Received this writ on the 27th day of April, A.D. 1967 and"served the same on *409J. M. Fields, Inc., a corporation, the within named Defendant, in Palm Beach County, Florida, at 11:15 A.M. on the 28th day of April, 1967, by delivering a true copy of this writ with the date and hour of service endorsed thereon by me, and a copy of Plaintiff’s initial pleading as furnished by the Plaintiff, to H. R. Pearson as Manager of said corporation, residing in this State, in the absence of the President, Vice-president or other head of the corporation, cashier, treasurer, secretary, general manager, all the directors of said corporation, any officer and business agent residing in this State, and by then and there showing to him this original and explaining to him the contents thereof.”
The trial court on November 25, 1968, entered its order vacating and setting aside the final judgment, stating:
“The original return upon which a default and subsequent final judgment were entered was defective in that it failed to establish the absence of the corporate directors before the complaint was served upon defendant’s manager. The court is of the view that the defect rendered the service voidable and subject to attack by defendant’s motion to vacate the final judgment. The error may not be corrected by the filing of a correct amended return after the entry of the final judgment. Ordered that defendant’s motion is granted. The default entered May 22, 1967, by the clerk is vacated and the final judgment of September 11, 1967, is set aside and declared null and void.”
It is from this order vacating and setting aside the final judgment the appeal is taken.
The question for our determination is whether or not an insufficient sheriff’s return renders a final judgment void and subject to attack by motion to vacate filed more than one year after entry of the final judgment.
Pursuant to Rule 1.540(b), 31 F.S.A.1 relief can be obtained from a final judgment, order or decree.
We glean from the record in the instant case that the final judgment was entered on September 11, 1967. The motion to vacate judgment was served October 25, 1968, more than one year after the entry of the final judgment. Therefore, the judgment in question could not be vacated for the reasons illustrated below in (b)(1), (2) and (3) of Fla.RCP 1.540. The judgment still could be vacated on the basis of (b)(4) or (5). Since the provisions of (b) (5) are not applicable in the instant case, we are left with the sole determination of (b) (4) ; i. e., whether the judgment herein is void and thus amenable to a motion to vacate made more than one year after the judgment was entered. If the judgment is void, the defendant was not required to attack it upon such ground within one year. See 154 A.L.R. 818 and Florida cases cited thereunder; 30A Am.Jur., Judgments § 693 at 659; 49 C.J.S. Judgments § 228 at p. 523. The defendant would be-en*410titled to relief only if the judgment was void, not merely voidable.
If the original service or the return is so defective as to amount to no notice, the judgment must be deemed void. However, if the service or return is irregular but actually gives the defendant notice of the action or proceeding, a judgment based thereon has been held not to be void hut merely voidable. State ex rel. Gore v. Chillingworth, 1936, 126 Fla. 645, 171 So. 649; Voorhies v. Barnsley, 1934, 116 Fla. 191, 156 So. 234; Walker v. Carver, 1927, 93 Fla. 337, 112 So. 45; 49 C.J.S. Judgments § 24 at p. 61.
The initial return in the instant case was irregular but the service was sufficient to put the defendant on notice of a proceeding instituted against it. However, the defendant saw fit to simply ignore the process, sit idly by, let default be entered against it, a jury trial initiated and final judgment entered pursuant to that jury verdict without making any effort to use the defenses available to it by Rule 1.140 (b), Fla.RCP, 30 F.S.A.2 A party complaining of an irregular service or return is required to move diligently to effectuate those remedies available to him by our rules of civil procedure lest he suffer the consequences.
For the foregoing reasons, the order vacating and setting aside the final judgment is reversed, and the cause is remanded with directions for the trial court to reinstate the judgment.
Reversed and remanded with instructions.
WALDEN and OWEN, JJ., concur.
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McALICE v. Kirsch, 368 So. 2d 401 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)…A 1974); Country Clubs of Sarasota, Ltd. v. Zaun Equipment, Inc., 350 So. 2d 539 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977). If original service of process is so defective as to amount to no notice, judgment based thereon must be deemed void. Craven v. J. M. Fields, Inc., 226 So. 2d 407 (Fla. 4th DCA 1969). The order appealed is reversed and the cross-appeal as to appellees’ attorney’s fees need not be considered at this time. Reversed and remanded with directions to vacate the default judgment and to permit the appellant to serve…
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Osceola Farms Co. v. Sanchez, 238 So. 2d 477 (Fla. 4th DCA 1970)…was entered or taken. However, if the reason for the motion seeking relief from judgment is that the judgment or decree is void, the defendant is not required to attack it upon such ground within one year. Craven v. J. M. Fields, Inc., Fla.App.1969, 226 So. 2d 407 ; 49 C.J.S., Judgments § 288 at 523; 30A Am.Jur.j Judgments § 693 at 659; 154 A.L.R. 818, and Florida cases cited thereunder. Since final judgment was entered against the defendant, Osceola Farms Co., on March 19, 1968, and their motion to set asid…
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Sterling Factors Corp. v. U.S. Bank Nat'l Ass'n, 968 So. 2d 658 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007)…facts supporting diligent- search to permit constructive service did not make subsequent default judgment entered upon such service void, but rather voidable on presentation of proof that a diligent search was not made); Craven v. J.M. Fields, Inc., 226 So. 2d 407 (Fla. 4th DCA 1969) (concluding that sheriffs error in failing to establish in the return of service of process that service on a manager was appropriate because of the absence of corporate directors did not render ensuing default judgment void, but…
Previewing 3 of 24 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- State v. Chillingworth, 126 Fla. 645 (Fla. 1936)
- Walker v. Alva R. Carver, 93 Fla. 337 (Fla. 1927)
- Voorhies v. Barnsley, 116 Fla. 191 (Fla. 1934)