CRAMER

v.

SKINNER, SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION, ET AL.

Citator

Cited By

• Levine v. State, 684 So. 2d 903 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996)
  …the police cannot create exigent circumstances by their own conduct. United States v. Rico, 51 F. 3d 495 (5th Cir.), cert, denied, -U.S. -, 116 S.Ct. 220, 133 L.Ed.2d 150 (1995); See United States v. Tobin, 923 F. 2d 1506 (11th Cir.); cert, denied, 502 U.S. 907, 112 S.Ct. 299, 116 L.Ed.2d 243 (1991). The Second Circuit has adopted a different analysis and distinguished between illegal [*905] and legal behavior on the part of police which led to the creation of exigent circumstances. United States v. MacDon…
• Swint v. The City OF Wadley, 51 F.3d 988 (11th Cir. 1995)
  …at contraband or evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place.’” United States v. Tobin, 923 F. 2d 1506, 1510 (11th Cir.) (en banc) (quoting Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238, 103 S.Ct. 2317, 2332, 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983)), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 907, 112 S.Ct. 299, 116 L.Ed.2d 243 (1991). In other words, “facts [which would] lead a reasonably cautious person to believe that the ‘search will uncover evidence of a crime’ ” will support a finding of probable cause. United States v. Burgos, 720 F…
• United States v. Augustin Gonzalez, 71 F.3d 819 (11th Cir. 1996)
  …Maryland v. Buie, 494 U.S. 325, 331, 110 S.Ct. 1093, 1096, 108 L.Ed.2d 276 (1990); Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573, 590, 100 S.Ct. 1371, 1382, 63 L.Ed.2d 639 (1980); United States v. Tobin, 923 F. 2d 1506, 1510 (11th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 907, 112 S.Ct. 299, 116 L.Ed.2d 243 (1991). However, as we have previously made clear in considering the propriety of the government’s warrantless search of a private residence, “[i]t is Veil settled that one of the specifically established exceptions…