STEPHEN SHAHEEN, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1969-11-26
No. 69-74
HOBSON, C. J., and PIERCE, J., concur.
228 So. 2d 444 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1969) Positive Treatment
Cited by 2 cases

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Synopsis

Stephen Shaheen was arrested without a warrant for agreeing to sell marijuana and was convicted after pleading nolo contendere. The Florida appellate court upheld the arrest as lawful because it occurred during the commission of an offense (the actual drug transaction), not merely based on a prior agreement to commit a future offense.


Holding

The arrest was lawful. Florida law did not require a warrant for an arrest made during the commission of an offense; warrants are only required when an offense has already been committed. The arrest occurred during the actual transaction, not merely in anticipation of a future crime.


Key Quotes

“the mere fact that Shaheen had agreed the night before to sell the marijuana and elaborate plans had been made by the officers to arrest him did not make it necessary for them to obtain a warrant to make an arrest for an offense which was yet to be committed”

Establishes that prior agreement alone does not require a warrant; the warrant requirement applies to completed offenses, not future ones

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Facts & Procedural History

Officer Lohde received a tip that Shaheen had marijuana to sell and arranged an introduction. They agreed to meet the next night for a $350 payment an…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

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Opinion of the Court
MANN, Judge.

MANN, Judge.

One night Officer Lohde received a tip that Stephen Shaheen had some marijuana to sell, and arranged an introduction to Shaheen. They came to terms and agreed to meet the next night for payment of $350 and delivery of the kilo of marijuana. They met. Lohde sampled the merchandise, turned over the money to Shaheen, who said he would return momentarily with the marijuana. As Shaheen rounded the corner of the motel Lohde notified Deputy Holloway, who made the arrest.

Shaheen pleaded nolo contendere and was adjudged guilty after denial of his motion to suppress evidence for failure to obtain an arrest warrant. The trial judge accepted the parties’ stipulation preserving for purposes of appeal the sole legal question whether the arrest was lawful. The attorney general now questions this procedure, but it seems to us so logical that its widespread use ought to be encouraged, and this court, speaking through Chief Judge Hobson, specifically approved it in Ashby v. State, 228 So.2d 400, opinion filed November 7, 1969. It eliminates the necessity of an expensive trial simply to preserve a legal question for appellate purposes, since the evidence against Shaheen, if admissible, was overwhelming. Again we approve the procedure. It is not specifically provided for by rule, but ought to be. Our review of alleged error after what amounts to a guilty plea is explainable in terms of legal principles relating to the reception of guilty pleas: if not freely and voluntarily given they must be set aside. This one was conditional, and we honor the condition by reviewing the alleged error. For the benefit of the bench and bar we set forth in a footnote the text of the able circuit judge’s judgment.1

Appellant relies on Carter v. State, Fla.App.1967, 199 So.2d 324, as vitiating the arrest. We disagree. Carter dealt with an offense which had been committed ; the mere fact that Shaheen had agreed the night before to sell the marijuana and elaborate plans had been made by the officers to arrest him did not make it necessary for them to obtain a warrant to make an arrest for an offense which was yet to be committed. Indeed, Florida Statutes Section 901.02 (1967), F.S.A. authorizes a magistrate to issue a warrant if he has “reasonable ground to believe that any offense was committed within his jurisdiction and that the person against whom the complaint was made committed it.” We find in Chapter 901 no authority for arrests for offenses about to be committed, *446and the arrest for this felony by one of the officers present was justified.

Affirmed.

HOBSON, C. J., and PIERCE, J., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Gerardi v. State, 307 So. 2d 853 (Fla. 4th DCA 1975)
    …e statutory requirements and thus were insufficient to support the issuance of a search warrant because they did not allege that any violation of the narcotics laws was presently occurring in the appellant’s home. Cf. Shaheen v. State, Fla.App.1969, 228 So. 2d 444. Accordingly, the order denying the motions to quash and suppress is reversed and the cause is remanded with directions to quash the warrant and suppress the evidence in question. CROSS, J., and SCHWARTZ, ALAN R., Associate Judge, concur. . The p…

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