HENRY MACK BASS, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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An unloaded gun can constitute a 'deadly weapon' for aggravated assault if it appears capable of inflicting harm, and the sentence for obstructing justice with violence was illegal.
[1] An aggravated assault can be committed with an unloaded gun, as the character of the weapon, rather than its loaded status, is the gist of the crime.
[2] A simple assault is committed by an unlawful offer to injure another with apparent present ability to effectuate the offer under circumstances creating a fear of imminent…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceThe defendant pointed an unloaded pistol at an arresting officer during an arrest for being AWOL. The officer subdued the defendant after a brief stru…
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This appeal is taken from a jury verdict and judgment of guilty for obstructing justice with violence and for aggravated assault. The Defendant was sentenced to three years imprisonment on each count, said sentences to run concurrently.
The facts are not in dispute. On July 24, 1968, the arresting officer was in possession of a form from the military authorities at Fort Benning, Georgia, advising all public officers that the defendant was A.W.O.L. and wanted for that charge by the military authorities. On the same day, the arresting officer, who was the police chief in the defendant’s hometown, recognized the defendant driving into a gas station and approached him concerning the A.W.O.L. charge. As they were talking, the defendant, still seated in the car, drew a pistol and pointed it at the arresting officer. This pistol, later discovered to be unloaded, was knocked from the defendant’s hand by the arresting officer, the officer drew his pistol, and the defendant was placed under arrest. After initially refusing to do so, the defendant got out of the car but then refused to be handcuffed. A short scuffle ensued in which the arresting officer subdued the defendant and handcuffed him. Thereafter, the defendant was taken to jail without further incident.
The basic question presented by this appeal is whether an aggravated assault can be committed with an unloaded gun.
This appears to be a question of first impression in the State of Florida. The applicable statute is Section 784.04, Florida Statutes, F.S.A., which provides that a pen-son who assaults another with a “deadly *27weapon, without intent to kill” is guilty of an aggravated assault.
Appellant contends that the gist of the crime of aggravated assault is the deadly character of the weapon and the defendant’s intent to use it as such. This position, we feel, is inaccurate. A simple assault is committed by an unlawful offer to injure another with apparent present ability to effectuate the offer under circumstances creating a fear of imminent peril. Motley v. State, 155 Fla. 545, 20 So.2d 798 (Fla.1945); Albright v. State, 214 So.2d 887 (Fla.App.1968). There can be no question but that the appellant herein committed at least a simple assault.
Aggravated assault differs from simple assault through the addition of one element — the use of a deadly weapon. McCullers v. State, 206 So.2d 30 (Fla.App.1968). There is no requirement for the addition of a specific intent over and above that required for simple assault. Contrary to the appellant’s contention, the gist of the crime of aggravated assault is found in the character of the weapon with which the assault is made, and the crime requires only a general and not a specific intent. Goswick v. State, 143 So.2d 817 (Fla.1962).
Therefore, the real issue becomes whether an unloaded gun is a “deadly weapon” when used other than as a bludgeon, i. e., when pointed at someone. There is a split of authority on this question (see 79 A.L.R.2d 1412), one which has not been decided by the courts of Florida. We feel the better view is that a gun is a deadly weapon whether loaded or unloaded.
Reasoning similar to that found in State v. Johnston, 207 La. 161, 20 So.2d 741 (1944), is particularly applicable here. Certainly, when one is confronted by another with a gun and does not know it to be unloaded, the natural reaction is to assume that the gun can be fired and can inflict great bodily harm. In such a situation and under the proper circumstances, it would not be unreasonable for the person assaulted to attempt to repel his assailant by inflicting upon him bodily harm, which attempt might result in the death of the assailant or in the deaths of bystanders in the event that the assailant was not subdued. In such a situation, the possibility of death is not unforeseeable even though the assailant did not load his gun. This view comports with the general definition of a “deadly weapon” as one likely to produce death or great bodily injury. Goswick v. State, supra.
Furthermore, whether the weapon involved is to be classed as “deadly” is a factual question to be resolved by the jury under appropriate instructions. Goswick v. State, supra. From the record it appears that the jury here was properly instructed on the elements of the crime charged and was also instructed on the lesser included offense of improper exhibition of a dangerous weapon (F.S. Section 790.10, F.S. A.). Therefore, from the evidence, the jury was justified in finding that the arresting officer was assaulted with a weapon likely to cause death or great bodily harm, i. e., a “deadly weapon”.
We have considered the appellant’s contention that the trial court erred in not compelling the State to elect between prosecution of the two charged offenses which the appellant contends are inconsistent, and we find that contention to be without merit.
We do, however, find error in the sentence imposed upon the defendant, which error the State concedes. The defendant was sentenced to three years imprisonment for obstructing justice with violence, a crime for which punishment is limited to a maximum of two years. Section 843.01, Florida Statutes, F.S.A. Accordingly, the defendant’s conviction on both counts is affirmed, but the case is remanded to the trial court for resentencing pursuant to statute.
JOHNSON, C. J., and WIGGINTON, J., concur.
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Citator
Cited By (32 total)
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State v. White, 324 So. 2d 630 (Fla. 1975)…nt ability to do so, and doing some act which creates a well-founded fear in such other person that such violence is imminent.” Section 784.011(1), Fla.Stat. (Supp.1974). . See e. g., Munday v. State, 254 So. 2d 33 (3d DCA Fla.1971); Bass v. State, 232 So. 2d 25 (1st DCA 1970), and Albright v. State, 214 So. 2d 887 (2d DCA Fla.1968). . State v. Wilson, 276 So. 2d 45 (Fla.1973). . The crimes of battery and aggravated battery cover those situations where actual injury is inflicted. . Section 777.04, Fla.St…
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Duba v. State, 446 So. 2d 1167 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984)…d DCA 1982), and other cases hold that a firearm is a deadly weapon as a matter of law for purposes of the aggravated assault statute, regardless of whether it is loaded or capable of firing and expelling a projectile. As explained in Bass v. State, 232 So. 2d 25 (Fla. 1st DCA 1970), a threat made with a gun can cause such subjective fear and reaction as to foreseeably cause death or great bodily harm to the assailant or bystanders even if the gun used in an assault is not loaded and is not itself directly c…
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Ulysses Ulice Gilbert v. State, 347 So. 2d 1087 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977)…olence is imminent when a pistol is pointed at her head. When one is confronted by another with a gun and does not know it to be unloaded, the natural reaction is to assume that the gun can be fired and can inflict great bodily harm. Bass v. State, 232 So. 2d 25 (Fla. 1st DCA 1970). A gun used in connection with and at the scene of a robbery is as a matter of law a dangerous weapon and those on the scene are placed in an objective state of danger regardless of whether there is proof that the gun was loaded.…
Previewing 3 of 32 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Motley v. State, 155 Fla. 545 (Fla. 1945)
- Goswick v. State, 143 So. 2d 817 (Fla. 1962)
- Paulet v. Hickey, 206 So. 2d 30 (Fla. 2d DCA 1968)
- Albright v. State, 214 So. 2d 887 (Fla. 2d DCA 1968)