RONALD SILVIA, APPELLANT,
v.
ZAYRE CORPORATION, A DELAWARE CORPORATION, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1970-04-07
No. 69-625
Before BARKDULL, HENDRY and SWANN, JJ.
233 So. 2d 856 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1970) Positive Treatment
Cited by 17 cases

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Synopsis

Ronald Silvia sued Zayre Corporation for false imprisonment and malicious prosecution after being detained by store security officers on suspicion of shoplifting. A jury awarded him $18,000 in damages, but the trial judge granted the defendant's motion for new trial on the grounds that the verdict was excessive and based on passion and prejudice. The appellate court reversed, holding that the trial judge abused his discretion because the verdict was supported by sufficient evidence and the damages were not excessive.


Holding

The trial judge abused his discretion in granting the motion for new trial. The jury's verdicts on both false imprisonment and malicious prosecution counts were supported by sufficient evidence, the compensatory damages of $10,000 were justified by the record, and the punitive damages of $8,000 were not excessive given the defendant's substantial wealth. A new trial should not be granted where the verdict finds ample support in the record.


Headnotes

[1] An order granting a new trial is presumed correct and requires a stronger showing for reversal than an order denying one.

[2] A trial court abuses its discretion in granting a new trial when the jury's verdict is supported by ample record evidence and no illegal evidence was presented.

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Key Quotes

“A trial judge's statement that the verdict is contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence is not chiseled in marble immune to erasure; it must be weighed in the light of the disclosures of the record. It is an abuse of discretion to grant a new trial where the verdict finds ample support in the record, no illegal evidence is shown to have gone to the jury, and all that is to be accomplished is to have another jury try the cause.”

Establishes the standard for reviewing whether a trial judge abused discretion in granting a motion for new trial; the verdict must find ample support in the record to deny the motion.

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Facts & Procedural History

Silvia entered Zayre's department store with his 10-year-old son and allowed the child to wear shoes and socks while shopping, intending to pay at che…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Ronald Silvia filed this law suit, stating causes of action in tort for false imprisonment and malicious prosecution. At the conclusion of the trial, the jury rendered its verdict awarding the plaintiff-appellant $10,000 as compensatory damages and $8,-000 as punitive damages and a judgment was entered thereon. Timely motion for new trial was filed by the defendant-appel-lee, which was granted as to liability and damages, on the following grounds: that the verdict was contrary to the law and the evidence; that the verdict for compensatory damages was excessive and based upon sympathy, passion and/or prejudice; and that the verdict for punitive damages was excessive and based upon sympathy and/or prejudice. It is the appellant’s position that the trial judge abused his discretion in granting the motion for new trial. Having considered the arguments of counsel combined with the record of appeal, we are compelled to agree and reverse.

Before setting forth the specific facts of this case, we feel that an accurate summation concerning the trial judge’s power to grant the motion for a new trial is in order. Judge Rawls’ thorough opinion in North Dade Imported Motors, Inc. v. Brundage Motors, Inc., Fla.App.1969, 221 So.2d 170, contains the following statement of the law on this point:

“An order granting a new trial is clothed with a strong presumption of correctness, and a much stronger showing is required to reverse an order allowing a new trial than to reverse one denying it. So, we are not unmindful of the fact that the Supreme Court has eliminated the ‘substantial competent evidence’ rule, and the applicable rule is that of ‘broad discretion’ in reviewing a trial court’s order granting a new trial. Likewise, a new trial should not be granted unless it is reasonably clear that substantial rights have been violated to the extent that a fair trial was not had. ‘Judicial discretion’ is not an unabridged power by which a judge may set at naught the rights of the parties to a cause and define them in accordance with his current opinion. A trial judge’s statement that the verdict is contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence is not chiseled in marble immune to erasure; it must be weighed in the light of the disclosures of the record. It is an abuse of discretion to grant a new trial where the verdict finds ample support in the record, no illegal evidence *858is shown to have gone to the jury, and all that is to be accomplished is to have another jury try the cause.” [Citations omitted.]

In the case at bar, the complaint consisted of Count 1 for false imprisonment, and Count 2 for malicious prosecution. As to the false imprisonment count,1 the allegata of the plaintiff’s case was that he had been apprehended by security officers in the appellee’s department store and unreasonably detained; further, while being so detained, Silvia was subjected to coercion and intimidation beyond the scope of reasonable action consistent with such an apprehension.

It is recognized that § 811.022(1) Fla.Stat.F.S.A. (1967) gives storekeepers the right, as to persons suspected of shoplifting, to detain such persons for a reasonable length of time for the purpose of effecting a recovery of the goods which were believed to have been unlawfully taken within the meaning of the statute. The particular goods which the appellant had been suspected of unlawfully taking were recovered from him immediately upon his removal to the detention area. After the goods had been recovered, the next step which the law contemplates on behalf of the shopkeeper is to either liberate the person apprehended under § 811.022(1), supra, or call the police so that due process can begin. The evidence shows, however, that instead of complying with the above procedure, the security agents conducted themselves in the manner described in footnote 1, supra. We do not feel the need to delineate the rest of the detailed evidence relating to Count 1 of the complaint, which sought damages based on false imprisonment. The jury certainly had before it evidence sufficient to sustain their finding that the plaintiff had been taken into custody and detained in an unreasonable manner, and the law justifies the verdict they based upon that evidence. See Jefferson Stores, Inc. v. Caudell, supra; Wilde v. Schwegmann Brothers Giant Supermarkets, Inc., La.App.1964, 160 So.2d 839.

As to Count 2, which sought damages for the tort of malicious prosecution, we find that the record contains sufficient evidence to satisfy the prerequisites for such a cause of action, namely: (1) the commencement or continuance of an original criminal or civil judicial proceeding; (2) its legal causation by the defendant; (3) its bona fide termination in favor of the plaintiff; (4) the absence of probable cause for such proceeding; (5) the presence of malice therein; (6) damages arising out of the judicial proceeding. 21 Fla.Jur. *859Malicious Prosecution § 4. As to the fourth element delineated above, i. e., the absence of probable cause, such prerequisite exists “where it would appear to a ‘cautious man’ that further investigation is justified before instituting the [criminal] proceedings.” Liabos v. Harmon, Fla.App.1968, 215 So.2d 487; Goldstein v. Sabella, Fla.1956, 88 So.2d 910. Of course, that which had to have been shown to obtain a conviction in the criminal proceedings for petit larceny was that the appellant had the necessary intent to commit petit larceny as required by § 811.021(1) Fla.Stat.F.S.A. (1967). The jury apparently resolved that a reasonable man, faced with the circumstances and facts known to the defendant, would not have had probable cause for commencing the original criminal proceeding. The jury also determined that malice was present, at least in part, as to the malicious prosecution count. All of these determinations appear to have been proper.

The trial judge also predicated his granting the motion for new trial upon finding that the verdicts, both compensatory and punitive, were excessive and based upon sympathy, passion and/or prejudice. As to the compensatory damages, the record contains sufficient evidence to justify the jury’s verdict of $10,000; moreover, in view of the substantial wealth of the defendant, Zayre Corporation, the amount awarded as punitive damages was not excessive. Joseph v. Jefferson Stores, Fla.App. 1969, 228 So.2d 103; Florida East Coast Railway Company v. Morgan, Fla.App.1968, 213 So.2d 632; Miami Beach Lerner Shops, Inc. v. Walco Mfg. of Florida, Inc., Fla. App.1958, 106 So.2d 233.

Therefore, for reasons above stated, the order granting the new trial is reversed, with directions to deny the motion for new trial and permit the final judgment on the verdict in the amount of $18,000 to stand.

Reversed and remanded, with directions.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Harris v. The Lewis State Bank, 482 So. 2d 1378 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986)
    …es Fidelity and Guaranty Co., 476 So. 2d 750 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985). . See cases cited in 24 Fla.Jur.2d, False Imprisonment and Malicious Prosecution § 21 n. 45. . Id; see also 52 Am Jur.2d, Malicious Prosecution § 54. . Silvia v. Zayre Corporation, 233 So. 2d 856 (Fla. 3d DCA 1970), cert. den., 238 So. 2d 112 (Fla.1970). . The principles of law governing the liability of an employer for malicious prosecution instituted or carried on by its agent or employee are those of agency in general. 24 Fla.Jur.2d, Fal…
  • Shidlowsky v. Nat'l CAR Rental Sys., Inc., 344 So. 2d 903 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977)
    …ein has established a prima facie case of malicious prosecution which precludes the entry of a directed verdict for the defendant. See: Tatum Bros. Real Estate & Investment Co. v. Watson, 92 Fla. 278, 109 So. 623 (1926); Silvia v. Zayre Corporation, 233 So. 2d 856 (Fla. 3d DCA 1970).…
  • Kalt v. Dollar Rent-A-Car, 422 So. 2d 1031 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982)
    …A 1977), cert. denied, 355 So. 2d 516 (Fla.1978); Appelstein v. Preston, 335 So. 2d 604 (Fla.3d DCA 1976), cert. denied, 341 So. 2d 1084 (Fla.1976); Am. Salvage & Jobbing Co., Inc. v. Salomon, 295 So. 2d 710 (Fla.3d DCA 1974); Silvia v. Zayre Corp., 233 So. 2d 856 (Fla.3d DCA), cert. denied, 238 So. 2d 112 (Fla.1970); Community Nat’l Bank of Bal Harbour v. Burt, 183 So. 2d 731 (Fla.3d DCA), cert. denied 188 So. 2d 820 (Fla.1966); Johnson v. City of Pompano Beach, 406 So. 2d 1257 (Fla.4th DCA 1981); Coleman v.…

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